Formulas and Equations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the empirical formula?

A

The smallest whole number ration between atoms of each element in a compound

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2
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual number of atoms of each type of element in a molecule

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3
Q

What are the 3 steps, if you know the empirical formula and the molecular mass of a compound, to calculate it’s molecular formula?

A

1- Find the empirical mass (mass of the empirical formula)
2-Divide the molecular mass by the empirical mass
3-Multiply the empirical formula by that number

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4
Q

What are the 4 steps for calculating the empirical formula from experimental data?

A

1-Use the equation, moles = mass / Mr, to work out how many moles of each product you have
2-Use the moles of each product to work out how many moles of each atom you started with
3-Write down the ratio of moles present at the start and then divide by the smallest to get the simplest whole number ratio
4-This is the empirical formula

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5
Q

What are the 3 steps for calculating the empirical formula from percentage compositions?

A

1-Assume you’ve got 100g of the compound, so you can turn the percentages into masses, then work out the moles of each element
2-Divide each number of moles by the smallest number of moles you found to get the smallest whole number ratio
3-Apply the numbers from the ratio to the formula

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6
Q

What 2 things do you need to know to be able to calculate the molecular formula?

A

Empirical formula and the molar mass

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7
Q

How do you find the factor that you need to multiply the empirical formula by to get the molecular formula?

A

Divide the molar mass by the empirical formula

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8
Q

What are the 4 state symbols?

A
s = solid
l = liquid
g = gas
aq = aqueous (solution in water)
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9
Q

How are ions formed?

A

Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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10
Q

What charge of ion does Zinc form?

A

2+

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11
Q

What charge of ion does Silver form?

A

1+

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12
Q

What charge of ion does Iron (II) form?

A

2+

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13
Q

What charge of ion does Iron (III) form?

A

3+

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14
Q

What charge of ion does Copper (I) form?

A

1+

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15
Q

What charge of ion does Copper (II) form?

A

2+

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16
Q

What is the formula of a Nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

17
Q

What is the formula of a Carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

18
Q

What is the formula of a Sulfate ion?

A

SO4 2-

19
Q

What is the formula of a Hydroxide ion?

A

OH -

20
Q

What is the formula of a Ammonium ion?

A

NH4 +

21
Q

How are ionic compounds made?

A

When positive and negative ions bond together