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PT605 > Intro to Histology (9/4b) > Flashcards

Intro to Histology (9/4b) Flashcards

1
Q

4 Basic Tissue Types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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2
Q

Epithelial Tissue - Description

A

Superficially lines almost everywhere in the body

Avascular

Cell-cell junctions

Functional polarity

Basement membrane

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue - Functions

A

Protection (EX: against UV rays and antigens)

Transport (EX: across cell membrane)

Secretion/excretion (EX: secretes vit D, excretes salt)

Absorption (EX: GI tract)

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4
Q

3 main functions of cell-cell junctions

A

Barrier
Structural
Communication

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5
Q

3 main types of cell-cell junctions

A

Occluding/Tight junctions
Adhering/Anchoring junctions
Communicating/Gap junctions

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6
Q

Occluding/Tight junction

A

some things can get through but nothing can get between the functions

(EX: blood brain barrier)

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7
Q

Communicating/Gap junction

A

connection of proteins that forms a channel, relays a message to the next cell as it gets stretched or compressed

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8
Q

3 Types of Adhering junctions

A

Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Zonula adherens

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9
Q

Desmosomes (adhering junction)

A

a spot on the cell membrane that adheres, intermediate filaments connect one desmosome to another

IFs attach desmosome to adjacent cell desmosome via cadherins

Cytoskeleton of a cell and exterior of the adjacent cell

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10
Q

Hemidesmosomes (adhering junction)

A

has part of desmosome on cell membrane side but not the other, and it interacts with basal lamina

Attach to the ECM via integrins

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11
Q

Zonula adherens (adhering junction)

A

runs along the width of the cell wall surface like a belt, sticking one cell wall to the adjacent cell wall

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12
Q

Basal lamina (basement membrane)

A

a basal ECM secreted by epithelial cells

Comprised of laminin and collagen

Attached to basal surface of epithelia by hemidesmosomes

Helps epithelium adhere to underlying tissue

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13
Q

Functional polarity

A

has apical and basal surfaces that have polarity

Apical = faces lumen/external surface

Basal = faces ECM

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14
Q

Apical layer types

A

Simple
Pseudostratified
Stratified

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15
Q

Simple cell layer

A

Thickness: 1 layer

Shapes: simple-squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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16
Q

Pseudostratified cell layer

A

Thickness: 1 layer, all cells touch basal lamina but not all reach apical surface

Shapes: pseudostratified columnar

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17
Q

Stratified cell layer

A

Thickness: 2+ layers

Shapes: stratified squamous (highly or moderately keratinized) [ex: vocal cord, or any place where there is a lot of wear and tear], cuboidal/columnar

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18
Q

Cell shapes

A

Squamous

Cuboidal (cubic, top/bottoms same size)

Columnar (tall/thin, small tops and bottom with longer lateral)

Transitional

19
Q

Integument (skin) - Function

A

Protection (barrier/immune)

Homeostasis

Sensation

Metabolic functions

20
Q

Integument - 3 Layers

A

Epidermis (top)
Dermis (middle)
Hypodermis (bottom)

21
Q

Epidermis (epithelium) - Description

A

4 strata in thin skin, 5 strata in thick skin

Avascular

Keratinocytes are the main cells

Has keratin (filamentous, aids in withstanding tensile stress)

22
Q

Avascular

A

receives nutrition from outside of itself

23
Q

Epidermis - Layers

A 
(Top → Bottom)
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
24
Q

Epidermis - Stratum corneum (C)

A

Keratinocytes shed keratin - layer is highly keratinized

25
Q

Epidermis - Stratum lucidum (L)

A

only in thick skin

transition from where cells have nuclei to where they don’t

26
Q

Epidermis - Stratum granulosum (G)

A

Keratohyalin granules (arrows) - accumulating keratin

Loss of nuclei - essentially dead

tight junctions to prevent water loss

HAS: Lamellar bodies, tight junctions

27
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce skin pigment

28
Q

Merkel cells

A

tactile sensory receptor cells for light touch

29
Q

Langerhan’s cells

A

first part of immune response

detects antigens that have managed to get into the skin and takes them to lymph tissue

produced in bone marrow

30
Q

Lamellar bodies

A

aids in pruning of the skin and preventing dehydration

31
Q

Dermis - Description

A

2 strata

serves as blood supply for epidermis

32
Q

Dermis - Layers

A

Papillary stratum

Reticular stratum

33
Q

Dermis - Papillary Stratum

A

Dermal papillae - aids in stability of holding dermis to underlying dermal layer

HAS: Meissner’s corpuscles, fibroblasts

34
Q

Dermis - Reticular Stratum

A

serves as support and structure

lymphatic vessels - Langerhan’s can bring antigens here

dense irregular connective tissue (mostly collagen)

HAS: hair follicles and sebaceous glands

35
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

tactile sensory receptors for low frequency vibration and refined touch

36
Q

Fibroblasts

A

assist with wound healing

37
Q

Epidermal skin appendages

A

Hair and sebaceous and sweat glands

Derived from down growth of epidermal epithelium during development

Epithelium of these appendages can serve as a source of stem cells for skin wound repair

Secrete sebum to prevent water loss

38
Q

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer

A

Deepest layer of skin

Loose CT - adipose tissue (for insulation, body temp)

Sweat Glands –eccrine and apocrine

indicated by a lot of white space

HAS: Pacinian/Lamellar corpuscles

39
Q

Pacinian/Lamellar corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors for vibration and deep pressure

40
Q

Integument Nerve Supply - Epidermal

A

Free nerve endings

Merkel’s cells

41
Q

Integument Nerve Supply - Dermal

A

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Meissner’s corpuscles

42
Q

Integument Nerve Supply - Hypodermal

A

Pacinian corpuscles

43
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors for perception of heat, stretching, and sustained pressure on skin

PT605 (26 decks)

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