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Foundations of nursing > EXAM #2 > Flashcards

EXAM #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Takes earnings and distributes to share holders/investors

A

for profit

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2
Q

Takes earnings and invests them into the organization for improvements

A

non profit; bjc, ssm, memorial

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3
Q

Overall financial status of the US healthcare system

A

macro

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4
Q

Specific or organizational financial status

BJC/BJH, Mercy/ SSM

A

micro

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5
Q

Someone other than the patient is most likely paying for the majority care.
Insurance-employer, health care exchanges, Medicare, Medicaid

A

third party payer system

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6
Q

Part of the bill that the patient must pay before the insurer will pay the bill for the services.

A

deductible

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7
Q

fixed amount that a patient may be required to pay for services (physician visit, lab test, prescription…)

A

copayment

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8
Q

Federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and older, persons with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease. Funded by 2 trust funds from the US treasury.

A

medicare

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9
Q

Federal/State program for certain categories of low-income people.
Funded by both federal and state funds.

A

medicaid

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10
Q

major purchases of healthcare, government and insurers

A

macro consumer

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11
Q

the patient

A

micro consumer

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12
Q

Applies to all healthcare organizations that receive Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement
Requires that patients get information regarding consents, confidentially, the right to make medical decisions, be informed about treatment and diagnosis, refuse treatment, and use of an advanced directive

A

Patient Self Determination Act of 1990

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13
Q

Created a standard for measuring and collecting data for patient’s perceptions of their hospital experience

A

HCAPS

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14
Q

Predisposed to a point of view

A

BIAS

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15
Q

One’s group or culture is superior to others

A

ethnocentrism

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16
Q

Making assumptions or judgments about beliefs, behaviors, needs, and expectations of patient’s or other healthcare staff of a different cultural background because of one’s own belief; involves negative attitudes toward the different group

A

prejudice

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17
Q

Process by which people use social group to gather, process, and recall information about other people. This process can be negative if it involves unfairly classifying people or using incorrect information

A

stereotyping

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18
Q

Major factors contributing to disparities

A

inadequate access to care

substandard quality of care

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19
Q

Systematic method for thinking about and communicating how nurses provide patient care.

A

nursing process

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20
Q

phases of the nursing process

A 
1- assessment. subjective/objective data
2-Analysis and Identification of the Problem; nurse diagnosis 
3-planning goals 
4-implementation
5-goals met?
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21
Q

require instruction, written orders, or supervision of another health care provider with prescriptive authority

A

dependent interventions

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22
Q

nurse must collaborate with another health care provider before carrying out intervention

A

interdependent interventions

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23
Q

define under what conditions and circumstances a nurse is allowed to treat the patient

A

protocols

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24
Q

Individual’s code of acceptable behavior
Shape an individual’s values
May be influenced by cultural factors and experience
Learned through growth and development

A

morals

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25
Q

A standardized code or guide to behaviors

Learned through a more organized system

A

ethics

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26
Q

Patient’s right to make decisions about matters that impact the patient

A

autonomy

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27
Q

Doing something good and caring for the patient

A

beneficence

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28
Q

treating people fairly

A

justice

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29
Q

telling the truth

A

veracity

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30
Q

Threat or use of force on an other individual that causes the person to feel reasonable apprehension about imminent harmful or offensive contact

A

assault

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31
Q

Actual intentional striking of someone, with intent to hard, or in a rude and insolent manner even if the injury is slight

A

battery

32
Q

Law of private rights

A

civil law

33
Q

Statues that deal with crimes against the public

A

criminal law

34
Q

a person is presumed to be negligent if he, she, or an organization/employer had exclusive control of whatever cause the injury, even though there is no specific evidence of an act of negligence

A

Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur

35
Q

Confinement of a person against his or her own will

A

false imprisonment

36
Q

Laws that protect healthcare professional from being sued when providing emergency care outside of a healthcare setting. Must provide care in a reasonable and prudent professional manner following standards and practice

A

good samaritan law

37
Q

Act of continuing conduct of a professional law that does not meet the standard of professional competence and results in provable damages to the patient

A

malpractice

38
Q

Failure to exercise the care towards others that a reasonable or prudent person would under the circumstances

A

negligence

39
Q

A cause that is legally sufficient to result in liability

A

proximate cause

40
Q

An employer responsible for the actions of their employee in the course of employment

A

respondent superior

41
Q

Minimum guidelines identified by the profession and healthcare organization policies and procedures

A

standards of practice

42
Q

A civil wrong for which a remedy may be obtained in the form of damages.

A

tort

43
Q

The body of law derived from statues rather than constitutional or judicial decision

A

statutory law

44
Q

all policy is rooted in

A

health

45
Q

t/f most americans think the government should not be major players in insurance

A

true

46
Q

ANA advocates for

A

universal healthcare ; if everyone was covered

47
Q

what universal healthcare could achieve

A 
Spread the insurance risk
Decrease in cost of prescription drugs
Administrative cost saved
Quality, safety, and patient satisfaction
Resources redirected towards patients
48
Q 
Safe 
Affordable
Coordinated
Functional
High quality
Cost effective
A

nursing agenda- all patients have the right to these

49
Q

the process of influencing the authoritative allocation of scare resources

A

politics

50
Q 
Define the problem
Specify criteria
Identify solution options and select best
Implement the policy
Monitor and evaluate the policy
A

create policies

51
Q

Specific interest or interest group

A

lobbyist

52
Q

Legislative work mainly occurs in

A

committees

53
Q

Private groups

A

political action committees

54
Q

E-mail
Call
Visit

A

grassroots advocacy

55
Q

advocate for nursing; helping a nurse by drawing blood and went to stick it in sharps container- got HIV and hep.c.

A

karen daley

56
Q

what did karen daley do

A

went before congress and advocated emptying the sharps container

57
Q

Center’s for Medicare and Medicaid

A

marilyn tavenner

58
Q

occurs when a person is forced to choose between two or more alternatives, and neither is the best option.

A

ethical dilemma

59
Q

Most common problems receive the most funding

A

research

60
Q

Patient that is charged for care that they did not receive, or charged more than set standard

A

healthcare fraud and abuse

61
Q

took steps to increase monitoring and enforcement of laws to prevent fraud from occurring

A

affordable health care act

62
Q

Any hospital that receives money from Medicaid or Medicare must meet certain requirements

A

organizational ethics

63
Q

A child is a minor and under the control of their parents until the child is 18 years old

A

emancipation

64
Q

A person with specific expertise and knowledge who can provide testimony to prove the standard of care

A

expert witness

65
Q

For simple nursing procedures

A

we dont need consent

66
Q

For emergency situations

A

implied consent is enough

67
Q

a written statement of a person’s wishes regarding medical treatment

A

advanced directive

68
Q

Withholding aggressive medical treatment is not the same as withholding all medical care.

A

true

69
Q 
use of life sustaining equipment
Artificial hydration
DNR-allow a natural death
Withholding foods and fluids
Palliative care
Organ or tissue donation
A

issues covered for advanced directives

70
Q

policy influences

A

policy development

implementation

71
Q

Systematic method for thinking about and communicating how nurses provide patient care. The nursing process is a step by step tool that guides nurses as they plan and provide care in a variety of clinical setting

A

nursing process

72
Q

how to communicate

A

therapeutic communications ;
Silence, restating, reflecting, clarifying, validating, open ended questions
Stay within the zone of helpfulness

73
Q

require instruction, written orders, or supervision of another health care provider with prescriptive authority

A

dependent intervention

74
Q

nurse must collaborate with another health care provider before carrying out intervention

A

interdependent intervention

75
Q

under what conditions and circumstances a nurse is allowed to treat the patient

A

protocols

Foundations of nursing (3 decks)

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