SR1: Vallin et al 2005- peacock butterfly defence Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scientific name for the butterfly ?

A

Inachis io

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2
Q

as blue tit predators approach the butterflies what do they do?

A

expose large eyespots in upper surface of wings and make a hiss sound by rubbing fore and hind wings together

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3
Q

what does the lower wing surface resemble?

A

cryptic resembling dead leaf when resting

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4
Q

why were lots of birds needed in the study?

A

each given only 1 butterfly

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5
Q

at what time of year was it carried out?

A

late winter when butterflies are overwintering so are hibernating in hollow trees

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6
Q

how many butterfly treatments and what were each of these?

A

6

  • no eyespots + sound
  • eyespots + no sound
  • no eyespots + no sound
  • eyespots +sound with control paint
  • eyespots + sound with control cut
  • eyespots + sound with control paint and cut
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7
Q

what was the control for eyespots and for sound?

A

eyespots: mark non eyespot areas of wing with pen
sound: cut lower edge of hindwing

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8
Q

result for % predated for no eyespots + sound?

A

50%

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9
Q

result for % predated for eyespots + no sound?

A

0%

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10
Q

result for % predated for no eyespots + no sound?

A

80%

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11
Q

result for % predated for eyespots + sound + control paint?

A

0%

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12
Q

result for % predated for eyespots + sound + control cut?

A

12%

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13
Q

result for % predated for eyespots + sound + control cut + control paint?

A

0%

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14
Q

which was found to reduce predation risk?

A

eyespots but hissing had no effect

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15
Q

how does first encounter and second encounter to bird compare?

A

first: keeps wings closed longer relying on camouflage
second: opens its wings at a greater distance

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16
Q

why may the butterflies hiss?

A

to alert nocturnal predators such as bats

17
Q

there have been previous studies on eyespot role in scaring predators- what was an issue with them?

A

lots of pseudoreplication

18
Q

what provides rationale for the study?

A

research by Blest

19
Q

what did the study aim to determine?

A

if the 2 forms of defence work together

20
Q

how many presentations and where were the butterflies presented to the blue tits?

A

54

in a small room with natural light

21
Q

what % were killed with eyespots and what % without?

A

3% with

65% without

22
Q

how did the birds appear to behave?

A

physically disturbed