Emerging powers

Question 1

In 2014, what weighting of the global GDP belonged to the USA, UK and China?

Answer 1

46% - USA and UK

13.3% - China

Question 2

What two countries have slow economic growth and why?

Answer 2

EU and Japan - ageing population

Question 3

When did the G20 form?

Answer 3

1999

Question 4

The G20 meets (1) and has (2) members as well as the EU and collectively accounts for (3) of global GDP (4) of global trade and (5) of the global population

Answer 4

1 - annually 
2 - 19 
3 - 85%
4 - 85%
5 - 65%

Question 5

What is meant by ‘MINT’ countries?

Answer 5

Termed in 2011 - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey

Question 6

What does the growth of the BRICS and MINT countries suggest in terms of patterns of power?

Answer 6

Development of a multipolar world

Question 7

Compare the GDP ($trillion) rankings of 2012 to predicted 2050

Answer 7

2012:
$16.24 USA
$8.23 China
$2.47 UK

2050:
$52.62 China
$34.58 USA
$6.95 Mexico

Question 8

Describe the trends between 2012 GDP rankings to 2050 predictions

Answer 8

• Mexico and Indonesia to have higher GDPs than the UK
• China overtakes the USA
• Nigeria moves from 39 to 13th place

Question 9

Describe the economic influences of the BRICS

Answer 9

• The only $1trillion economies outside of the OECD

- Growth rates and consumer spending have slowed since 2013 due to ageing populations

Question 10

Describe the economic influences of the G20

Answer 10

• Minimal impact on financial markets because decisions take a long time
• More money is available for the IMF to help tackle global recession

Question 11

Describe the political influences of the BRICS

Answer 11

China has become a mega-trader larger than imperial Britain because costs have decreased while prices have soared

Question 12

Describe the political influences of the G20

Answer 12

• Newest members haven’t taken agreements seriously

- Countries share financial info to fight tax evasion

Question 13

Describe the military influences of the BRICS

Answer 13

• Increased expenditure and incursions to S.China sea and NATO airspace
• Direct conflict with NATO would still leave them unmatched

Question 14

Describe the military influences of the G20

Answer 14

• Divided over military action in Syria as Russia and China are lead opposers against USA
• Some countries engaged in unilateral military action (acting alone)

Question 15

Describe the cultural influence of the BRICS

Answer 15

Lack of common understanding due to cultural differences

Question 16

Describe the cultural influence of the G20

Answer 16

Indirectly support globalisation

Question 17

Describe the demographic influence of the BRICS

Answer 17

• Large populations mean huge labour market and successful unis
• Working-age beginning to shrink so not all countries are creating enough jobs

Question 18

Describe the demographic influence of the G20

Answer 18

Focused on creating economic growth by encouraging private businesses to invest in infrastructure and tackle youth unemployment

Question 19

Describe the environmental influences of the BRICS

Answer 19

• Rise in greenhouse gas emissions (3 of 4 top global emitters are BRICS)
• Starting to lead global renewable energy production e.g. solar power production in China

Question 20

Describe the environmental influences of the G20

Answer 20

• Agreed post-recession ‘green stimulus package’ to remove fossil fuel subsidies
• Have agreed on importance to tackle climate change and health issues but not committed money

Question 21

All of the BRICS have valuable resources increasing their influence, what are they?

Answer 21

Brazil - Gold, diamonds, iron ore, rainforest
Russia - Oil and gas
India + China - Coal