Changing Patterns of Power

Question 1

The British empire controlled over (1) of the worlds land mass and (2) of its population

Answer 1

1 - 1/4

2 - 1/5

Question 2

GB in the empire
• Established (1) companies to finance (2) for commodities e.g. spices in the (3)
• The world was (4) by GB for much of the 1800s
• Worked by direct (5) control

Answer 2

1 - trading
2 - voyages
3 - East Indies 
4 - unipolar
5 - colonial

Question 3

Define ‘imperialism’

Give an example

Answer 3

A relationship of political economic and cultural control between geographic areas

Control of Burma by Britain

Question 4

Define ‘colonialism’

Give an example

Answer 4

Political rule of a nation by another

Introduction of Christianity to the British empire

Question 5

Define ‘colonisation’

Give an example

Answer 5

Physical settling of people from a colonial power within their colony

The British moving to live and work in their empire e.g. India

Question 6

The Royal Navy dominated oceans to protect colonies and (1)
In 1914, the British Navy was (2) greater than that of Germany
Military personnel emigrated to India to run the (3) and built a bridge in Kolkata to demonstrate (4) and acculturation e.g. introduction of cricket

Answer 6

1 - trade routes
2 - two times
3 - Raj
4 - Imperial wealth

Question 7

What is the Raj?

Answer 7

British sovereignty in the Indian government

Question 8

From 1600-1850
• Coastal forts to conquer (1) and islands e.g. Ghana
• Private trading companies defended by the armed forces e.g. (2)

Answer 8

1 - coastal fringes

2 - Royal African Company

Question 9

1850-1945: 
• Introduced sport, religion and (1)
• Set up (2) institutes 
• Exporting of (3) 
• Set up plantations and farms by (4)

Answer 9

1 - language
2 - governmental
3 - goods
4 - British settlers

Question 10

Define ‘acculturation’

Answer 10

A process of cultural change when two cultures meet so the dominant culture will expose their ideologies on the subordinate culture

Question 11

How was the empire justified?

Answer 11

1) Modernism
• World can be improved by intervention 
• Europeans are superior 
2) Evangelism 
• Natives are racially inferior
3) Social Darwinism 
• Strong cultures dominate and survive over weaker ones

Question 12

Why did the British empire collapse?

Answer 12

After WW1 there was economic decline because we overspent in the war and were in effect bankrupt after WW2

Question 13

When did India gain independence?

Answer 13

1947

Question 14

1945-1990 the Cold War

What were the two dominant outlooks of the USA and USSR in the bipolar world?

Answer 14

USA - Globalise it’s sphere of influence to become a stronger player

USSR - Took advantage of collapsed countries in Europe to enforce its communist regime

Question 15

When did NATO form?

Answer 15

1949

Question 16

The (1) USA and communist USSR led to (2) instability and (3) wars, in 1991 the USSR fell causing a (4) world.
The rise of China is threatening to the USA’s (5)

Answer 16

1 - capitalist
2 - geopolitical
3 - proxy
4 - unipolar
5 - hegemony

Question 17

Describe a communist country

Answer 17

• One party dictatorship so all candidates for election come from the same party
• Individual’s lives tightly controlled
• All property belongs to the community and industry is mostly state-owned
• Rights of the individual are less important than the good of the society
• General standard of living is low but unemployment and extreme poverty is rare

Question 18

Describe a capitalist country

Answer 18

• Free gov demographic elections
• Free of gov control more important than equality
• Wealthy country but extremes of individual wealth and poverty
• Privately owned business and property

Question 19

Who are the USA’s allies?

Answer 19

W.Europe through NATO as well as economic and military ties to Japan and South Korea

Question 20

Who are the USSR’s allies?

Answer 20

E. Europe through Warsaw Pact

Question 21

Describe the USA and USSR’s military power

Answer 21

USA: World’s largest Navy and CIA intelligence
USSR: Intelligence through KGB

Question 22

Define ‘colonialism’

Answer 22

Direct control of other countries

Question 23

Give four methods of colonialism

Answer 23

• Military force
• Impose gov systems, language and laws
• Different legal and social status
• Divide and rule e.g. segregation and superiority

Question 24

Describe the neo-colonialism period following WW2

Answer 24

• Investment, trade and culture to influence independent countries instead of direct gov
• Economic imperialism rather than political

Question 25

Define ‘imperialism’

Answer 25

A policy to extend a country’s power and influence through colonisation, military force or other means

Question 26

Describe the strategic alliances of the neo-colonial period following WW2

Answer 26

Military alliances with developing nations and superpowers based on aid and equipment

Question 27

Describe the aid following WW2 in the neo-colonial period

Answer 27

Aid was tied to force policy agreements

Question 28

Describe TNC investment in the neo-colonial period following WW2

Answer 28

Potential to generate jobs and wealth depending on the policies given by recipient countries

Question 29

Describe the trade terms of the neo-colonial period following WW2

Answer 29

Low commodity export prices but high cost for imported goods

Question 30

Describe the SAPs given following WW2

Answer 30

To lose debt, countries must adopt Western policies from the World Bank and IMF but lose economic sovereignty as a result

Question 31

Give some criticisms of neo-colonialism

Answer 31

• Left wing
• Prevents development e.g. war in Africa deters investment
• Corruption, a lot of money goes to few elites
• Many NICs developed e.g. Asian Tigers

Question 32

Describe the superpowers in control of the world from 1920 - predicted future

Answer 32

1920 - British Empire
1945-1990 Cold War (USA + USSR)
Today - USA
Future - multipolar

Question 33

Evaluate unpolar

Answer 33

+ May be more stable

- frequent challenges from other nations

Question 34

Evaluate bipolar

Answer 34

Could be stable with opposing ideologies but depends on the support for each and diplomacy and allies

Question 35

Evaluate multipolar

Answer 35

x May increase risk of conflict
x Could be the cause of both World Wars
x Rise of the BRICS is unstable in the 21st century but reducing influence of USA