Acid-Controlling Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Chemical Classification

A

Imidazole Derivative

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2
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits histamine at H2-receptor site in the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion

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3
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Uses

A

Short-term treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers and maintenance; management of GERD (PO) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; prevention of upper GI bleeding; prevent, relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, upper GI bleeding

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4
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

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5
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Side Effects

A

CNS: Constipation, Headache, depression, dizziness, anxiety, weakness, psychosis, tremors, SEIZURES
CV: bradycardia, tachycardia, DYSRHYTHMIAS
GI: Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, PARALYTIC ILEUS, JAUNDICE
GU: gynecomastia, galactorrhea, impotence, increase in BUN, creatinine
HEMA: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, NEUTROPENIA, APLASTIC ANEMIA, INCREASE IN PT
INTEG: urticaria, rash, alopecia, sweating, flushing, EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS
RESP: PNEUMONIA

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6
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • Gastric pH(>/=5 should be maintained); epigastric pain, duration, intensity; aggravating, ameliorating factors
  • I&O ratio, BUN, creatinine, LFTs, CBC with differential periodically
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7
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Functional Classification

A

H2-histamine receptor antagonist

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8
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Mechanism of Action

A

Competitively inhibits histamine at histamine H2-receptor site, thus decreasing gastric secretion while pepsin remains at a stable level

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9
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Uses

A

Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer, maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, multiple endocrine adenomas, gastric ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease, heartburn

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10
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Side Effects

A

CNS: Headache, Dizziness, paresthesia, depression, anxiety, somnolence, insomnia, fever, SEIZURES IN RENAL DISEASE
CV: DYSRHYTHMIAS, QT PROLONGATION (IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTIONING)
EENT: taste change, tinnitus, orbital edema
GI: Constipation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cramps, abnormal hepatic enzymes, diarrhea
HEMA: THROMBOCYTOPENIA, APLASTIC ANEMIA
INTEG: rash, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME
MS: myalgia, arthralgia
RESP: PNEUMONIA

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12
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • ULCERS: epigastric pain, abdominal pain, frank or occult blood in emesis, stools
  • Intragastric pH, serum creatinine/BUN baseline and periodically
  • Blood counts during therapy; watch for decreasing platelets; if low, therapy may have to be discontinued, restarted after hematologic recovery
  • For bleeding, hematuria, hematuresis, occult blood in stools; abdominal pain
  • BLOOD DYSCRASIAS (THROMBOCYTOPENIA): bruising, fatigue, bleeding, poor healing

PERFORM/PROVIDE:
-Increase in bulk and fluids in diet to prevent constipation

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13
Q

Sucralfate

Functional Classification

A

Protectant, antiulcer

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14
Q

Sucralfate

Chemical Classification

A

Aluminum hydroxide, sulfated sucrose

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15
Q

Sucralfate

Mechanism of Action

A

Forms a complex that adheres to ulcer site, absorbs pepsin

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16
Q

Sucralfate

Uses

A

Duodenal ulcer, oral mucositis, stomatitis after radiation of head and neck

17
Q

Sucralfate

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

18
Q

Sucralfate

Side Effects

A

CNS: drowsiness, dizziness
GI: Dry Mouth, Constipation, nausea, gastric pain, vomiting, bezoar (for critically ill patients)
INTEG: urticaria, rash, pruritus

19
Q

Sucralfate

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • GI SYMPTOMS: abdominal pain, blood in stools
  • HYPOGLYCEMIA: may occur in patients with diabetes mellitus
20
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Functional Classification

A

H2-histamine receptor antagonist