Antitubercular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Isoniazid

Chemical Classification

A

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide

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2
Q

Isoniazid

Mechanism of Action

A

Bactericidal interference with lipid, nucleic acid biosynthesis

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3
Q

Isoniazid

Uses

A

Treatment, prevention of TB

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4
Q

Isoniazid

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

Acute Hepatic Disease

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5
Q

Isoniazid

Side Effects

A

CNS: Peripheral Neuropathy, Dizziness, memory impairment, TOXIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, SEIZURES, psychosis, slurred speech
EENT: blurred vision, optic neuritis
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, epigastric distress, JAUNDICE, FATAL HEPATITIS
HEMA: AGRANULOCYTOSIS, HEMOLYTIC, APLASTIC ANEMIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, EOSINOPHILIA, METHEMOGLOBINEMIA
HYPERSENSITIVITY: fever, skin eruptions, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis
MISC: Dyspnea, B6 deficiency, pellagra, hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, gynecomastia, rheumatic syndrome, SLE-like syndrome

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6
Q

Isoniazid

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • Hepatic studies weekly: ALT, AST, bilirubin; increased test results may indicate hepatitis; hepatic status: decreased appetite, jaundice, dark urine, fatigue
  • mental status often: affect, mood, behavioral changes; psychosis may occur
  • paresthesia in hands, feet
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7
Q

Isoniazid

Overdose Treatment

A

Pyridoxine

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8
Q

Rifampin

Functional Classification

A

Antitubercular

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9
Q

Rifampin

Chemical Classification

A

Rifamycin B derivative

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10
Q

Rifampin

Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent polymerase, decreases tubercle bacilli replication

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11
Q

Rifampin

Uses

A

Pulmonary TB, meningococcal carriers (prevention)

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12
Q

Rifampin

Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to this product, rifamycins; active Neisseria meningitidis infection

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13
Q

Rifampin

Side Effects

A

CNS: headache, fatigue, anxiety, drowsiness, confusion
EENT: visual disturbances
GI: Nausea, Vomiting, Anorexia, Diarrhea, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS, Heartburn, sore mouth and tongue, PANCREATITIS, increased LFTs
GU: HEMATURIA, ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, HEMOGLOBINURIA
HEMA: HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA, ANEMIA, EOSINOPHILIA, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, LEUKOPENIA
INTEG: rash, pruritus, urticaria
MISC: flulike symptoms, menstrual disturbances, edema, SOB, STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, ANGIEDEMA, ANAPHYLAXIS
MS: ataxia, weakness

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14
Q

Rifampin

Nursing Considerations

A

ASSESS:

  • INFECTION: sputum culture, lung sounds, characteristics of sputum
  • Signs of anemia: Hct, Hgb, fatigue
  • Hepatic studies monthly: ALT, AST, bilirubin
  • Renal status before, each mo: BUN, creatinine, output, specific gravity, urinalysis
  • Hepatic status: decreased appetite, jaundice, dark urine, fatigue
  • SERIOUS SKIN REACTIONS: fever, sore throat, fatigue, ulcers; lesions in mouth, lips, rash; can be fatal
  • PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain/cramping, bloody stools, product should be discontinued, prescriber notified
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15
Q

Isoniazid

Functional Classification

A

Antitubercular

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