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LATG Practice Questions > Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Genetic Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

What best describes a transgenic animal?

A

An animal whose chromosomes contain DNA from an external source

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2
Q

About 80% of the genes present in humans are also present in the mouse genome.

A

True

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3
Q

What term represents the hereditary information that it present in an animal?

A

Genome

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4
Q

What is a transgene?

A

The fragment of DNA that is introduced into the nucleus of a cell.

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5
Q

Barrier access to an animal room increases the risk of introducing disease entities to valuable genetically modified lines.

A

False

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6
Q

Whenever a dam experiences dystocia, oxytocin is effective at inducing labor.

A

False

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7
Q

A gene’s phenotype develops in utero and can always be observed after birth..

A

False: it can develop in utero and also during develop or adulthood

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8
Q

Overbreeding to obtain the number of mice needed with a particular genotype is unacceptable in a transgenic animal facility

A

False

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9
Q

If a large number of animals must be euthanized because of gene expression is inadequate, animal care staff may need emotional support.

A

True

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10
Q

Genetically modified mice have the same housing and nutrition needs as any other mice in the facility.

A

False

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11
Q

Every transgenic animal facility should have a mechanism for observing, documenting, and reporting health concerns regarding breeding or unique phenotypes.

A

True

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12
Q

With barrier access to a room, investigators must rely on animal care staff to handle all animal needs.

A

True

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13
Q

What might affect transgenic mice and the success of their breeding?

A

Noise, odors, and lighting

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14
Q

Females with a litter from implanted fertilized eggs are called:

A

Surrogate mothers

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15
Q

What is an initial observation indicating successful mating?

A

Vaginal plug

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16
Q

In the production of gene-targeted animals, mating with a stud makes the recipient female pseudopregnant.

A

False

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17
Q

Placing pups with a female other than the one who gave birth to them is called cross-fostering.

A

True

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18
Q

If fertilized eggs are required, along with egg donor females, what animals are required?

A

Stud males

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19
Q

Embryos can be transferred to recipient mice surgically if the embryos are at least 3.5 days old.

A

False: Embryos can be transferred to recipient mice surgically only if the embryos are less than 3.5 days old.

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20
Q

Pronuclear injection provides the scientist with a more specific tool than gene-targeted mutation for placement of the transgene.

A

False

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21
Q

To construct a transgene, the scientist must start with an existing piece of DNA that originated in a living organism.

A

False

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22
Q

A transposon is a DNA sequence obtained from bacteria.

A

True

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23
Q

Pronuclear injection introduces a transposon-flanked DNA sequence with an enzyme that inserts multiple copies of the DNA into the genome.

A

False: a single copy

24
Q

PCR can be used to genotype an animal born after pronuclear injection of a transgene.

A

True

25
Q

If a transgene is intergrated in one of the chromosomes of a pair, the animal is said to be:

A

hemizygous

26
Q

What best describes “alleles”?

A

Copies of the same gene

27
Q

Wild-type animals are more commonly used to start a transgenic line because it is easier to observe a phenotype change than in inbred strains.

A

False: inbred strains are used because a phenotypic change is easier to see.

28
Q

All animals produced by pronuclear injections of the same transgene have the same phenotype.

A

False

29
Q

Offspring of two hemizygous parents inherit at least a copy of the transgene.

A

False: in theory, 25% of the offspring will have NO copy of the transgene.

30
Q

Eukaryotic cells have the ability to develop into any kind of cell in the body.

A

False: embryonic stem cells.

31
Q

CRISPR is an engineered DNA identification mechanism.

A

False: CRISPR is a naturally occurring DNA identification mechanism

32
Q

The gene-targeted mutation derived from the injected embryonic stem cells is always present in the sperm of a male chimera.

A

False

33
Q

To test for germline transmission, chimeras are mated to animals of the same strain from which their ES cells were derived.

A

False: Chimeras are mated to animals of the same strain as the blastocyst host.

34
Q

Using engineered systems for gene targeting eliminates the need for embryonic stem cell culture

A

True

35
Q

Mouse models have been developed hat replace the mouse immune system with a human system.

A

True

36
Q

What is a genetically engineered animal that has had one or more genes from its genome functionally removed?

A

Knockout

37
Q

Embryonic stem cells used for gene-targeted mutations are grown in the presence of antibiotics.

A

True

38
Q

CRISPR/Cas9 may be used to selectively knock out genes of interest.

A

True

39
Q

In genetically engineered mice known as knockouts, the transngene of interest is functional.

A

False

40
Q

Tail biopsies on adult mice should be done under anesthesia.

A

True

41
Q

What test might be used to assess the phenotype of mutant animals?

A

Imaging techniques
Neurological test
Behavioral test

42
Q

In order to avoid disturbing the litter, the best time to genotype a mouse is within two days of birth.

A

False: the best time is around weaning time

43
Q

The phenotype of mutant animals indicates the engineered change in the DNA

A

True

44
Q

Backcrossing founders to wild-type animals can be used to:

A
  • Ensure germ lines transmission of an induced mutation
  • Cross a hybrid with one of its parents
  • move a gene generated in one inbred strain to another.
45
Q

Cryopreservation can be used to store frozen embryos, and subsequently recover the original genetic make-up of a mouse line when genetic drift has caused changes in the strain.

A

True

46
Q

The Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Centers serve as a centralized repositories for many mouse lines.

A

True

47
Q

What techniques allows a mouse strain to be taken “off the shelf” but still be available for use when needed?

A

Crypreservation

48
Q

Sperm cryopreservation is a terminal procedure.

A

True

49
Q

What is the goal of genotyping?

A

To determine if a specific DNA fragment is present in the genome of an organism.

50
Q

Best describes genetic engineering?

A

Manipulating DNA molecules to alter their composition.

51
Q

Using the pronuclear injection technique, what is the average percentage of offspring carrying the transgene?

A

20%

52
Q

What is the best way to describe genetic engineering?

A

Manipulating DNA molecules to alter their composition

53
Q

What is a transgene?

A

The fragment of DNA that is introduced into the nucleus of a cell

54
Q

Using the pronuclear injection technique, what is the average percentage of offspring carrying the transgene?

A

20%

55
Q

If a transgene is integrated in one of the chromosomes of a pair, the animal is said to be:

A

hemizygous

56
Q

What best describes a congenic strain?

A

The result of backcrossing for 10 generations

LATG Practice Questions (22 decks)

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