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NAVLE > Poisonous Plants, part 2 > Flashcards

Poisonous Plants, part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of toxin is Braken Fern?

A
  • neurotoxin
  • contains thiaminase which cleaves vitamin B1
  • also contains up to 1% ptaquiloside which alkylates DNA lading to carcinogenicity and BM suppression in ruminants
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2
Q

What does thiaminase cause in braken fern?

A

Thiaminase breaks down thiamine, leading to a deficiency, leading to polioencephalomalacia

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3
Q

What are the CS of braken fern toxicosis in LA?

A
  • incoordination, standing with legs apart
  • depression
  • muscle tremors, ataxia
  • blindness, retinal degneration
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4
Q

What is the tx of braken fern?

A
  • injectable thiamine

- no tx for ptaquiloside (ruminants)

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5
Q

What does black walnut cause?

A
  • acute onset of laminitis - may progress to necrosis of dorsal laminar
  • distal limb edema, fever
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6
Q

What is the tx for black walnut?

A
  • remove source and decontaminate GI tract with mineral oil or activated charcoal
  • wash legs and feet
  • treat for laminitis
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7
Q

Which species is most susceptible to black walnut?

A

Horses

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8
Q

What CS does castor bean cause?

A
  • may have lag period before onset
  • anorexia, v/d
  • weakness, thirst
  • muscle spasms, uremia, death
  • sweating, ataxia
  • extensive organ edema and damage
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9
Q

What does gossypol toxicity cause?

A

It is cardiotoxic, particularly to very young animals.

  • sudden death due to heart failure
  • anorexia, red urine, thin pot bellied appearance
  • poor performance in adult animals
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10
Q

What does Dumbcane cause?

A
  • may last days or weeks
  • irritation of MM
  • ptyalism
  • edematous swelling tongue and lips
  • difficulty swelling or breathing
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11
Q

What does Locoweed cause?

A
  • ataxia, hypermetria
  • clicking of the dewclaws (“cracker heels), CP deficits
  • emaciation
  • emphysema (sheep)
  • abortions, teratogenesis
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12
Q

What does Waterhemlock cause?

A
  • one of the most toxic plants known!
  • acute violent titanic seizures
  • rapid progression from salivation to muscle twitching, seizures, coma, death
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13
Q

What species does yellow star thistle cause?

A

Horses

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14
Q

What does yellow star thistle cause/

A

-nigropallidal encephalomalacia aka chewing dz

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15
Q

What are the CS associated with yellow star thistle?

A
  • usually occur over time and are generally irreversible
  • inability to eat/drink because of dystopia to muscles of lips and tongue
  • continuous chewing motions with an empty mouth, or jam food into mouth in despreration
  • behavioral changes
  • chewing/dropping food**
  • may appear similar to early symptoms of rabies
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16
Q

Perilla mint contains ____ which causes ____

A
  • contains perilla ketone

- causes pulmonary edema and pleural effusion

17
Q

What are the CS associated with perilla mint?

A
  • respiratory distress (on exhalation) due to atypical interstitial edema and emphysema
  • nasal discharge
18
Q

What is the tx of perilla mint?

A

-usually ineffective once severe pulmonary edema or emphysema is present

19
Q

What does western false hellebore cause?

A
  • contains several teratogenic compounds including cyclopamine
  • mainly affects sheep and many affected lambs are still one
  • teratogenic effects depend on stage of gestation when eaten
20
Q

Which species does white snakeroot affect?

A

-horses and cattle

21
Q

What does white snakeroot cause?

A

-contains the ketone, trematone, which is passed to young in milk

22
Q

What are the CS associated with white snakeroot?

A
  • weakness, depression
  • horses develop myocardial necrosis and congestive heart failure (ventral edema, jugular pulse, tachycardia)
  • cattle develop ataxia, depression, muscle tremors and may have “acetone breath”
23
Q

What does red maple cause?

A

-red blood cell lysis in horses

24
Q

What are the CS associated with red maple?

A

-depression, icterus, anemia, hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria

25
Q

What does ponderosa pine cause?

A

-abortions characterized by weak contractions, excessive discharge, and a small calf and retained fetal membranes

NAVLE (14 decks)

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