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year 1 > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

what does one large square on an ECG represent

A

5mm = 0.2s

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2
Q

what does the p wave represent

A

atrial depolarisation

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3
Q

what does the QRS complex represent

A

ventricular depolarisation

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4
Q

how long is a QRS complex normally

A

< 0.1s

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5
Q

what does a T wave represent

A

ventricular repolarisation

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6
Q

how long is a normal T wave

A

0.12-0.2s

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7
Q

what does PR interval represent

A

AV nodal delay

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8
Q

how long is a normal PR interval

A

0.12 - 0.2s

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9
Q

what does the ST segment represent

A

ventricular contraction (systole)

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10
Q

what does the TP interval represent

A

ventricular relaxation (diastole)

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11
Q

how do you work out HR

A

300/no. of large squares between QRS (regular)

or number of QRS in 30 squares x 10
or number of QRS in 10 squares x 3 x 10

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12
Q

what plane are the limb leads

A

frontal / vertical

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13
Q

what plane are the chest leads

A

horizontal

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14
Q

if there is ST elevation in the following leads where is the MI and what artery is blocked
leads II, III and aVF (foot of the ECG)

A

inferior - foot is inferior
shaped like a foot

right coronary artery

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15
Q

if there is ST elevation in the following leads where is the MI and what artery is blocked
V1-V4

A

anterior

LAD

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16
Q

if there is ST elevation in the following leads where is the MI and what artery is blocked
lead I, V5 and V6, aVL

A

lateral

circumflex artery

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17
Q

if there is ST elevation in the following leads where is the MI
V1 - V3

A

anteroseptal

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18
Q

what is cardiac axis

A

the overall direction of electrical spread within the heart

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19
Q

what should the cardiac axis be in a healthy person

A

11 o’clock to 5 o’clock

20
Q

what leads do you look at to determine cardiac axis

A

lead I II and III

21
Q

what should you always remember when reading an ECG

A

check patient details
check date and time
check calibration

22
Q

what should you look for in the rhythm strip (II)

A 
regular / irregular
HR
P waves
what is the PR interval
is each p wave followed by a QRS
is each ORS preceded by a p wave
is QRS normal
23
Q

what ECG changes would be seen in STEMI

A

ST elevation
new onset BBB
T wave inversion

24
Q

what ECG changes would be seen in NSTEMI

A

no ST elevation

may be ST segment depression or T wave inversion

25
Q

what does ST depression show

A

ischaemia

26
Q

what ECG changes would be seen in Torsades de Pointes

A

long QT interval

wide and continually changing QRS

27
Q

what is the treatment for TdP

A

Iv magnesium sulfate

28
Q 
what is the pathology:
tall tented T waves
wide/bizarre QRS complexes 
long PR interval
severe bradycardia
sine wave pattern
A

hyperkalaemia

29
Q

what is the pathology:
prolonged PR interval
small inverted T waves - go down then up
ST segment depression

A

hypokalaemia

30
Q

what is the pathology:
sinus tachycardia
RH strain
T wave inversion in anterior leads

A

PE

31
Q

what is the pathology:

Broad QRS with slurred upstroke on R wave (delta wave)

A

Wolff-parkinson white syndrome

32
Q

what is the ECG for SVT

A

narrow QRS

regular rhythm of 150bpm

33
Q

what is the ECG for VT

A

wide QRS - broad complex tachycardia

34
Q

if someone had wide QRS and a history or coronary artery disease/heart failure what would you suspect

A

VT

35
Q

what is the pathology:
saw tooth baseline
regular rhythm
150bpm

A

atrial flutter

36
Q

what is the pathology:
absence of P waves
irregularly irregular rhythm
irregular baseline

A

Atrial fibrillation

37
Q

what is the ECG change for BBB

A

wide QRS

38
Q

what is the pathology:

fixed PR intervals > 0.2s

A

1st degree heart block

39
Q

what is seen on a ECG for 3rd degree heart block

A

very broad QRS

no association between p waves and QRS

40
Q

what is seen on an ECG for Mobitz I

A

progressive lengthening of PR interval eventually resulting in dropped beat
usually 3:1

41
Q

what is seen on an ECG for mobitz II

A

intermittent dropped beats without lengthening
- P wave often not followed by QRS
usually 2:1

42
Q

what is the pathology:
saddle shaped ST elevation
PR depression

A

acute pericarditis

43
Q

what is seen in the digoxin effect on an ECG

A

depressed ST segments in V5 and V6

44
Q

what is seen in cardiac tamponade

A

electrical alternans

45
Q

what is one of the first ECG changes seen in an MI

A

tall peaked T waves

year 1 (45 decks)

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