Globalisation + Crime

Question 1

According to Held + McGrew (2007) globalisation involves what process?

Answer 1

Deterriotorialisation
Means increasing No. of transnational companies across the globe
Faster communication, travel, technology has made national boarders irrelevant
World has become a single territory for legal/ illegal trade

Question 2

What is the globalisation of crime?

Answer 2

An increasing interconnectedness of crime across national boarders

Question 3

What does Castells (2010) argue that we now have as a result of globalisation?

Answer 3

Now have a global criminal economy

Worth estimated £1 Trillion per annum

Question 4

How many organs are taken annually from executed criminals?

Answer 4

Estimated 2,000

Question 5

What does Taylor (1997) argue that globalisation has led to a change in?

Answer 5

Led to change in the pattern + extent of crime
Gives free reign to market forces
Globalisation has created greater inequality + rising crime
Could be argued that globalisation has created white + blue collar crime

Question 6

Define global corporate crime

Answer 6

Offences committed by or on behalf of large companies on an international scale

Question 7

Give 5 reasons why crime stats include less white collar/ corporate crimes?

Answer 7

1. Hard to detect: seen normal business practices, dealt internally, cover up
2. Lack individual Vs: committed large scale
3. Hard to investigate
4. Lack awareness crime = occurred: committed over long period, small offences unnoticed until = sig
5. If detected = lower levels of prosecutions/ convictions, negotiate terms

Question 8

What type of theorist is Castells?

Answer 8

Neo-Marxist

Question 9

What does Castells argue that globalisation has created?

Answer 9

Transnational network of organised crime

Operates in many countries + employs millions of workers

Question 10

What are the 2 types of global criminal networks ID by Farr (2005)?

Answer 10

1. Established Mafias: characterised around family, ethnicity/ local connections. Adapted + changed organisations + activities IOT profit from the new opportunities that globalisation has provided
2. Newer organised crime groups: connected to one another through transnational organised crime e.g Colombian drug cartels

Question 11

What term did Glenny (2009) use?

Answer 11

McMafia
Used to describe the way transnational organised crime mirrors the activities of legal transnational corporations
e.g McDonalds
= operate range worldwide businesses BUT provide same standards of products across all organisations
Operate with pure interest of making profit

Question 12

How does Glenny (2009) argue that transnational corporations are similar to transnational organised crime corporations?

Answer 12

TCrO mirrors activities of legal TC

1. operate worldwide but provide same standard of product
2. Operate in interest of making a profit
3. Adapts to changes in economy/ consumer markets

Question 13

What country produces the most cocaine?

Answer 13

Colombia

Question 14

Define the term ‘glocal system’

Answer 14

Crime = still locally based but with global connections

Question 15

How do Lash + Urry (1978) argue that globalisation has disorganised capitalism?
How has this affected crime rates?

Answer 15

Businesses move around the world to where there are the least regulations + controls
Can get morel about for cheaper
Increases profit

Question 16

Explain how it could be argues that globalisation has led to an increase in human trafficking

Answer 16

More knowledge about ‘better’ ways of life
People want to move to western countries - pull factors
Immigration offices have made it harder to do do
Creates market for illegal human trafficking

Question 17

How has globalisation led to more opportunities for crime to be committed?

Answer 17

Created new means of carrying out crimes
e.g. dark web - part of the internet invisible to normal users
Crime could be committed in England by perpetrators in Australia

Question 18

How has the growth of individualisation led to more crimes being committed?

Answer 18

Todays individualism + global consumer ideology has put personal gain above community benefit
Leads to increase in crimes
e.g. drug dealing - provides individuals with means of achieving rewards

Question 19

What has the increase in cyber-crime also led to an increase in?
Give an example

Answer 19

Cyber-vigilantes

e.g the hacker group Anonymous

Question 20

Give 2 thing the Anonymous has done to help reduce crime?

Answer 20

1. Fights ISIS’s use of social media to spread messages of hate
2. shut down child pornography sites, forwarding evidence + users details to local police authorities across the world