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MORS 200 > Chemistry Compend- Multiple Choice > Flashcards

Chemistry Compend- Multiple Choice Flashcards

1
Q

Solutions that have the same osmotic pressure are said to be:

A

Isotonic

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2
Q

Fundamental types of matter that cannot be converted into other kinds by ordinary chemical means are:

A

Elements

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3
Q

Acidity or alkalinity is conveniently expressed by a scale of:

A

pH Values

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4
Q

Decomposition of the human body is:

A

A Chemical Change

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5
Q

Which one of the following chemicals, when contained in water in the form of salts, causes “hard water”?

  • Potassium
  • Calcium
  • Manganese
  • Sodium
A

Calcium

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6
Q

What is paradichlorobenzene used for in embalming powder?

A

Mold Inhibitor

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7
Q

The function of glycerol in embalming fluids is:

A

To Act as a Humectant

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a jaundice fluid?

  • Strong reducing agents
  • Strong active dye
  • High index of formaldehyde
  • Low index of formaldehyde
A

High Index of Formaldehyde

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9
Q

Which of the following is the result of two or more elements chemically united in a definite proportion by weight?

  • A solution
  • A mixture
  • An element
  • A compound
A

A Compound

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10
Q

Paraformaldehyde is a polymer of:

A

Formaldehyde

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11
Q

The atomic number of an element is equivalent to:

A

The Total Number of it’s Protons OR Electrons

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12
Q

A humectant commonly used in embalming fluids is:

A

Sorbitol

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13
Q

What is the electrical charge of an electron?

A

Negative

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14
Q

Polymerization of formaldehyde is inhibited by the addition of:

A

Methanol

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15
Q

How many classes of inorganic compounds are there?

A

Four

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16
Q

The percentage by weight of formaldehyde in formalin is:

A

37%

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17
Q

Which of the following solutions contains the most solute?

  • Dilute
  • Concentrated
  • Saturated
  • Supersaturated
A

Supersaturated

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18
Q

The digestion of cells by means of their own enzymes is called:

A

Autolysis

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19
Q

Substances that can be decomposed or separated into singular substances are:

A

Compounds

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20
Q

Proteins are compounds that are:

A

Composed of many amino acids linked together.

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21
Q

Two or more atoms of different elements forms:

A

Molecules

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22
Q

Upon hydrolysis, proteins yield:

A

Amino Acids

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23
Q

Two or more atoms of the same element form:

A

A Molecule

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24
Q

Water, when used in embalming fluids, is used as a:

A

Vehicle

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25
Q

Which of the following substances is used as a buffer in arterial fluid?

  • Sorbitol
  • E.D.T.A.
  • Heparin
  • Lanolin
A

E.D.T.A.

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26
Q

Sodium citrate, when used in embalming fluids, functions as a/an:

A

Anticoagulant

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27
Q

Which of the following can be separated by physical means?

  • Mixtures
  • Compounds
  • Bases
  • Salts
A

Mixtures

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28
Q

If a solution is acid, its pH will be:

A

Below Seven

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29
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning arterial fluids?

  • They are normally injected into the arterial system.
  • They normally contain dye.
  • They normally contain surfactants.
  • They are normally injected into the body cavities.
A

They are Normally Injected Into the Body Cavities

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30
Q

The function of methanal in embalming fluids is:

A

A Preservative

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31
Q

Which of the following is NOT important in determining the shelf-life of an arterial fluid?

  • The presence of buffers
  • The presence of anti-polymerizaton agents
  • Exposure to light
  • Cost of the fluid
A

Cost of the Fluid

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32
Q

Adipocere is a derivative of:

A

Body Fats

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33
Q

Which of these is classified as a physical property of water?

  • It reacts with sodium to release hydrogen
  • It is an oxidizing agent
  • It promotes chemical reactions
  • It expands when it freezes
A

It Expands When it Freezes

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34
Q

Mercuric chloride is a good disinfectant. It is:

A

Prohibited by Law

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35
Q

Which state of matter has no definite volume and no definite shape?

A

Gases

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36
Q

Citrates and oxalates are usually added to embalming fluids to act as:

A

Anticoagulants

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37
Q

The swelling of the body during embalming is due to:

A

Osmosis

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38
Q

Phenol is used in embalming fluids as a:

  • Dye
  • Surfactant
  • Vehicle
  • Preservative
A

Preservative

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39
Q

Which of the following would NOT normally be present in a cavity fluid?

  • Active dyes
  • Germicides
  • Preservatives
  • Coagulants
A

Active Dyes

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40
Q

Paraformaldehyde is formaldehyde in a:

A

Solid State

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41
Q

In arterial fluids, glycols act as:

A

Humectants

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42
Q

A substance in embalming fluid which serves to retain moisture in the body is known as a:

A

Humectant

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43
Q

Which of the following would NOT be found in a pre-injection fluid?

  • A high concentration of formaldehyde
  • A low concentration of preservatives
  • Water conditioning agents
  • Anticoagulants
A

A High Concentration of Formaldehyde

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44
Q

The important vehicle for an arterial solution is:

A

Water

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45
Q

A charged group of atoms functioning as a single unit in a chemical reaction is:

A

A Polyatomic Ion

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46
Q

The number of fluid ounces of a 25 index arterial fluid needed to prepare one gallon (128 ounces) of solution with a strength of one percent would be:

A

5.1 Ounces

C X V = C1 X V1

C X .25 = .01 X 128

C X .25 = 1.28

C = 1.28/.25

C= 5.12

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47
Q

The class of compounds used in embalming fluids as perfuming agents is:

A

The Esters

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48
Q

Water of high mineral content, such as hard water, tends to:

A

Promote Blood Clotting

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49
Q

Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in embalming as:

A

A Surfactant

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50
Q

Eosine, ponceau, and erythosine are used in embalming fluids as:

A

Dyes

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51
Q

Of all chemical compounds, the most depended upon by plants and animals is:

A

Water

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52
Q

Formaldehyde in terms of embalming, is used as a:

A

Preservatve

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53
Q

The most abundant element in the universe is:

A

Hydrogen

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54
Q

Of the following, the one that is used in embalming fluids as an anticoagulant is:

  • Sodium citrate
  • Glycerine
  • Sorbitol
  • Sodium lauryl sulfate
A

Sodium Citrate

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55
Q

What type of embalming fluids contain high concentrations of disinfectants and preservatives but generally lack active dyes and other modifying agents?

A

Cavity Fluids

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56
Q

The chemical used in embalming fluids to reduce surface tension and to aid in penetration is known as a/an:

A

Surfactant

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57
Q

What is the function of plaster of paris in hardening compound?

A

Dehydration

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58
Q

Deodorants are used in embalming fluids as:

A

Masking Agents

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59
Q

The chemical formula of NaOH denotes which of the following compounds?

  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Sodium oxide
  • Potassium hydroxide
  • Ammonium oxide
A

Sodium Hydroxide

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60
Q

Of the following, the class of chemicals that are used as humectants in embalming fluids are:

  • aldehydes
  • phenolics
  • aromatic esters
  • polyhydric alcohols
A

Polyhydric Alcohols

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61
Q

What is methyl salicylate used for in embalming fluids?

A

Deodorant

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62
Q

Borax is used in embalming fluids to:

A

Adjust pH

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63
Q

A trihydroxy alcohol found in both embalming fluids and in the structure of lipids and fats is:

A

Glycerol

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64
Q

The passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration is:

A

Osmosis

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65
Q

What is benzaldehyde used for in embalming fluids?

A

Deodorant

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66
Q

Substances which will pass through the pores of animals and vegetable membranes are:

A

Crystalloids

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67
Q

The most common form of oxygen is:

A

Molecular Oxygen

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68
Q

A solution in which more solute can can be dissolved at a given temperature is:

A

Unsaturated

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69
Q

Which term is used as a synonymous term for polyatomic ion?

A

Radical

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70
Q

A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom is:

A

Proton

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71
Q

The passage of a solid substance directly into the gaseous state is:

A

Sublimation

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72
Q

The oxidation number for the Ammonium Radical is:

A

+1

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73
Q

Another name for ethanoic acid is:

A

Acetic Acid

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74
Q

Which of the following is not a chemical change?

  • combustion
  • decomposition of remains
  • rusting of iron
  • tearing of paper
A

Tearing of Paper

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75
Q

The study of matter derived from inanimate or lifeless things is:

A

Inorganic Chemistry

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76
Q

Oxygen occurs in the free state as:

A

02

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77
Q

Anything that occupies space and possesses mass is:

A

Matter

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78
Q

Oxygen means:

A

Acid Former

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79
Q

The science that deals with the nature of matter and the changes that matter undergoes is:

A

Chemistry

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80
Q

An abbreviation for the name of an element is:

A

The Atomic Symbol

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81
Q

Two or more substances that are combined together but are NOT chemically combined form:

A

A Mixture

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82
Q

The formula for Magnesium Chloride is:

A

MgCl2-

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83
Q

What is the freezing point of water?

A

0 Degrees Celsius

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84
Q

The most abundant element on earth is:

A

Oxygen

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85
Q

The total amount of formaldehyde required to preserve all of the protein in the body is:

A

Formaldehyde Demand

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86
Q

In use with embalming fluids, water and methyl alcohol are two examples of:

A

Vehicles

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87
Q

The formula R-OH is:

A

A General Formula

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88
Q

The main constituent of an acid is:

A

Hydrogen

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89
Q

Compounds which have identical molecular formulas but different structural formulas are:

A

Isomers

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90
Q

The splitting apart of a compound by water is called:

A

Hydrolysis

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91
Q

What are the sufonate compounds used for in embalming fluids?

A

Surface Active Agents

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92
Q

The hydrolysis of proteins yields

A

Amino Acids

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93
Q

Which of the following is used only as a filler in autopsy chemical mixtures?

  • Perlite
  • Lanolin
  • Paraformaldehyde
  • Paradichlorobenzene
A

Perlite

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94
Q

Which of the following is a physical property of matter?

  • Solubility
  • Specific gravity
  • Density
  • All of these
A

All of These

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95
Q

What is the study of non-carbon compounds?

A

Inorganic Chemistry

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96
Q

Organic chemistry is a study of:

A

Carbon Compounds

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97
Q

What substance is changed into adipocere by the saponification process?

A

Fats

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98
Q

A group of atoms functioning as a single atom in a chemical reaction.

A

Radical

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99
Q

Which of the following is NOT a hazardous substance used in embalming fluids?

  • hydrogen hydroxide
  • acetone
  • methanol
  • formaldehyde
A

Hydrogen Hydroxide

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100
Q

Chlorine is

A

A Halogen

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101
Q

The characteristics of a substance observed without altering the composition of it are

A

Physical Properties

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102
Q

The shrinking of blood cells in a hypertonic salt solution is called:

A

Crenation

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103
Q

Which of these describes a substance which has a definite shape and a definite volume?

A

Solid

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104
Q

An atom that has gained or lost electrons in a chemical reaction:

A

Ion

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105
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an inorganic acid?

  • The main constituent is hydrogen
  • The pH is lower than 7.0
  • The compounds yield hydrogen upon hydrolysis
  • The main constituent is hydroxide
A

The Main Constituent is Hydroxide

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106
Q

The swelling and bursting of blood cells in a hypotonic salt solution is called

A

Hemolysis

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107
Q

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic salt?

  • Hydrogen chloride
  • Sodium chloride
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Hydrogen sulfate
A

Sodium Chloride

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108
Q

An increase in oxidation number is characteristic of

A

Oxidation

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109
Q

When a substance readily absorbs appreciable quantities of moisture from the air.

A

Hygroscopic

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110
Q

What is another name for physiological chemistry?

A

Biochemistry

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111
Q

Which state of matter is described as having an indefinite shape and a definite volume?

A

Liquid

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112
Q

The measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow.

A

Viscosity

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113
Q

A substance that is used as a buffer because it can act as either an acid or a base is considered to be

A

Amphoteric

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114
Q

The most complex of all carbohydrates are the

A

Polysaccharides

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115
Q

The temperature and pressure at which a solid turns into a liquid is

A

The Melting Point

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116
Q

Upon complete hydrolysis, carbohydrates yield

A

Monosaccharides

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117
Q

What type of change occurs when the composition of a substance is altered and a new substance is formed?

A

Chemical Change

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118
Q

The general formual for amines.

A

RNH2

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119
Q

The smallest particle of a compound that retains all of the properties of that compound.

A

Molecule

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120
Q

The general formula for ethers.

A

ROR

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121
Q

The smallest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element.

A

Atom

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122
Q

The general formula for esters.

A

RCOOR

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123
Q

The chemical symbol for fluorine.

A

F

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124
Q

The general formula for organic acids.

A

RCOOH

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125
Q

Which of the following will pass through both a filter and a semipermeable membrane?

  • A colloidal solution
  • An emulsion
  • A suspension
  • A true solution
A

A True Solution

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126
Q

The general formula for ketones.

A

RCOR

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127
Q

Which of the following is a chemical property?

  • Density
  • Boiling point
  • Reactivity
  • Solubility
A

Reactivity

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128
Q

The general formula for aldehydes.

A

RCHO

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129
Q

What is involved in the cremation of a body?

A

Chemical Change

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130
Q

The general formula for alcohols.

A

ROH

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131
Q

The density of an object divided by the density of water.

A

Specific Gravity

132
Q

Which of the following is an alkane?

  • C2H2
  • C2H4
  • C2H5
  • C2H6
A

C2H6

133
Q

Which of these is the same as the freezing point of water?

  • Melting point
  • Boiling point
  • Condensation point
  • Evaporation point
A

Melting Point

134
Q

The name of the compound with the formula BaSO4.

A

Barium Sulfate

(Remember that polyatmic ions are named as a whole (sulfate))

135
Q

How many bonds must each carbon atom have in a stable organic molecule?

A

Four

136
Q

All open chained hydrocarbons are classified as:

A

Aliphatic

137
Q

The partial oxidation of wood alcohol yields:

A

Formaldehyde

138
Q

Which of the following is the formula for ethanol?

  • C3H7OH
  • C2H5OH
  • C3H6
  • CH3OH
A

C2H5OH

139
Q

The reactive portion of organic acids is the functional group known as:

A

The Carboxyl Group

140
Q

Sugar in the bloodstream is in the form of:

A

Glucose

141
Q

Which of the following names is a synonym for the compound called phenol?

  • Benzoic acid
  • Boric acid
  • Carbonic acid
  • Carbolic acid
A

Carbolic Acid

142
Q

Which of these is a disaccharide?

  • Glucose
  • Cellulose
  • Starch
  • Sucrose
A

Sucrose

143
Q

Theoretically, the complete reduction of the compound formaldehyde would produce:

A

Methane

144
Q

Adipocere is chemically most similar to:

  • A protein
  • A carbohydrate
  • A soap
  • A Sugar
A

A Soap

145
Q

What temperature is shown on a Centigrade thermometer when a Farenheit thermometer reads 212?

A

+100

146
Q

A protein compound that acts as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions.

A

Enzyme

147
Q

The chemical symbol for potassium

A

K

148
Q

What are quaternary ammonium compounds used for in embalming fluids?

A

Disinfectants

149
Q

The type of hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms are linked together by double bonds.

A

Alkenes

150
Q

Which of the following is NOT used as a humectant in embalming fluids?

  • Lanolin
  • Sorbitol
  • Glycerol
  • Sodium citrate
A

Sodium Citrate

151
Q

The organic compounds in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by an atom of an element in the Halogen family.

A

Halides

152
Q

Which of the following is characteristic of organic compounds?

  • Their molecular structure is complex
  • Their chemical reactions are immediate
  • Their molecules contain relatively few atoms
  • The molecular weight is relatively small
A

Their Molecular Structure is Complex

153
Q

The building blocks of proteins, which are organic acids containing nitrogen.

A

Amino Acids

154
Q

Deamination and decarboxylation occur simultaneously during:

A

Putrefaction

155
Q

An acid plus a base will react to give water and:

A

A Salt

156
Q

Embalming prevents the decomposition of:

A

Proteins

157
Q

Chemistry is the study of:

  • The composition of matter
  • Elements, compounds, and mixtures
  • The changes that matter undergoes
  • All of these
A

All of These

158
Q

Which of the following can be defined as a group of atoms chemically combined and having a neutral charge?

  • Radicals
  • Mixtures
  • Compounds
  • Isotopes
A

Compounds

159
Q

The simplest forms of matter.

A

Elements

160
Q

Which of these is NOT a property of organic amines?

  • They have a pleasant odor
  • They have a disagreeable odor
  • They are the by-products of the decomposition of proteins
  • They contain amino groups
A

They Have a Pleasant Odor

161
Q

Fluorine and iodine are realted to:

A

Bromine

162
Q

The charge of an atom that is determined by the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared in a chemical reaction.

A

The Oxidation Number

163
Q

The standard unit of volume in the metric system.

A

Liter

164
Q

What is the atomic symbol for iron?

A

Fe

165
Q

Isotopes differ on the basis of:

  • Valence
  • Atomic number
  • Crystalline shape
  • Atomic weight
A

Atomic Weight

166
Q

What is the atomic symbol for Calcium?

A

Ca

167
Q

The saponification of fatty acids in the dead human body produces:

A

Adipocere

168
Q

What type of alcohol is produced by the attachment of the hydroxyl group to a carbon atom that is joined directly to two other carbon atoms in the chain?

A

Secondary Alcohol

169
Q

A solution created with water as the solvent is said to be:

A

Aqueous

170
Q

The carbon to carbon bond in an organic compound.

A

A Covalent Bond

171
Q

In a solution, the substance which exists in the smaller amount.

A

Solute

172
Q

A diagram that shows the arrangement of the atoms in a compound.

A

A Structural Formula

173
Q

In a solution, the substance which exists in the greater amount.

A

Solvent

174
Q

Which of the following pairs of elements are present in a hydrocarbon compound?

  • Hydrogen and Carbon
  • Hydrogen and Hydroxide
  • Carbon and Oxygen
  • Carbon and Nitrogen
A

Hydrogen and Carbon

175
Q

A solution containing a relatively small amount of solute.

A

Dilute

176
Q

Which of the following is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon compound?

  • Ethylene
  • Ethane
  • Ethyne
  • Ethanol
A

Ethane

(The -ane indicates that this is an alkane, which is always saturated).

177
Q

A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute.

A

Concentrated

178
Q

Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound?

  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Ethene
  • Glucose
A

Ethene

(Alkenes are unsaturated)

179
Q

A solution containing all the solute it can hold under ordinary conditions.

A

Saturated

180
Q

Another name for methyl alcohol.

A

Wood Alcohol

181
Q

The factors which determine whether conditions are ordinary for the solution.

A

Temperature and Pressure

182
Q

Which of the following is an example of a monohydroxy alcohol?

  • Ethanol
  • Glycerol
  • Ethylene glycol
  • Methanal
A

Ethanol

183
Q

A solution which contains more of the solute than it can hold uner ordinary conditions.

A

Supersaturated

184
Q

Which of the following is an example of a dialdehyde compound?

  • Methanal
  • Acetaldehyde
  • Formaldehyde
  • Glutaraldehyde
A

Glutaraldehyde

185
Q

A solution containing less solute than it could hold under ordinary conditions.

A

Unsaturated

186
Q

A room temperature, formaldehyde is:

  • A gas
  • A liquid
  • A solid
  • An acid
A

A Gas

187
Q

The type of solution which would result in the swelling and bursting of a blood cell.

A

Hypotonic

188
Q

Another name for methanoic acid.

A

Formic Acid

189
Q

The type of solution which would result in the shrinking or shriveling of a blood cell.

A

Hypertonic Solution

190
Q

Which of the following is an example of a polyhydroxy alcohol?

  • Methanol
  • Ethanol
  • Glyoxal
  • Sorbitol
A

Sorbitol

191
Q

The type of solution which would cause no appreciable change in the size or condition of a blood cell placed in it.

A

Isotonic

192
Q

Organic hydroxide compounds are better known as:

  • Alcohols
  • Aldehydes
  • Acids
  • Acetone
A

Alcohols

193
Q

The process by which particles of a single solute move from an area of higher concentration to n area of lower concentration.

A

Diffusion

194
Q

What substance is produced by the dehydration of an organic acid and an alcohol?

A

Ester

195
Q

The process used to separate colloidal solutes from crystalloidal solutes.

A

Dialysis

196
Q

What type of organic substances are described as derivatives of ammonia?

A

Amines

197
Q

The process by which the solvent of a solution moves through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.

A

Osmosis

198
Q

Which of the following is described as an organic acid that contains nitrogen?

  • Nitric acid
  • Nitrous acid
  • Amino acid
  • Fatty acid
A

Amino Acid

199
Q

Formaldehyde is produced by the catalytic oxidation of:

  • methanol
  • ethanol
  • propanol
  • butanol
A

Methanol

200
Q

The capacity of a given solute to disolve in a given solvent.

A

Solubility

201
Q

Which of the following is the simplest of the hydrocarbon compounds?

  • Methane
  • Ethane
  • Propane
  • Butane
A

Methane

202
Q

Which of the following will not have any effect on the solubility of a given solvent?

  • Capacity of the container
  • Temperature and pressure on the solvent
  • Agitation of the solvent
  • Basic nature of the solvent
A

Capacity of the Container

203
Q

The oxidation of formaldehyde forms:

  • Lactic acid
  • Stearic acid
  • Formic acid
  • Acetic acid
A

Formic Acid

204
Q

The usual manner of chemical union between inorganic compounds.

A

Non-Metals Gain Electrons, Metals Lose Electrons

205
Q

The abbreviated expression representing a compound.

A

A Formula

206
Q

The valance electrons affecting metallic and non-metallic compounds are located here.

A

Outer Orbital Ring

207
Q

An object with a specific gravity of less than one, when placed in water, will:

  • Float
  • Sink
  • Dissolve
  • Evaporate
A

Float

208
Q

A metallic element becomes electrically charged by:

  • Radioactivity
  • Giving up an electron
  • Receiving an electron
  • Electrolysis
A

Giving up an Electron

209
Q

At room temperature, paraformaldehyde is in the:

  • Gaseous state
  • Solid state
  • Liquid state
  • Molecular state
A

Solid State

210
Q

A non-metallic element becomes electrically charged by:

  • Radioactivity
  • Coming in contact with a dry cell unit
  • Giving up an electron
  • Receiving an electron
A

Receiving an Electron

211
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning carbon?

  • It is present in water molecules
  • It forms covalent bonds with other substances
  • It forms organic compounds
  • It is a fundamental element in living things.
A

It is Present in Water Molecules

212
Q

The manner in which most metals and non-metals unite chemically.

A

Electron Transfer

213
Q

Which of the following is classified as an alkane?

  • Formaldehyde
  • Ethane
  • Acetic acid
  • Acetone
A

Ethane

214
Q

The outer orbital ring of metallic and non-metallic elements will contain the:

  • Protons
  • Valence electrons
  • Valance protons
  • Neutrons
A

Valance Electrons

215
Q

Which of the following is an aromatic substance?

  • Phenol
  • Formaldehyde
  • Esters
  • Ethers
A

Phenol

216
Q

The most abundant compound known in inorganic chemistry.

A

Water

217
Q

Which of the following is classified as an alkyne?

  • Ethane
  • Ethene
  • Ethyne
  • Ethanoate
A

Ethyne

218
Q

In changing Centigrade to Fahrenheit, the conversion fraction to be used is:

  • 5/9
  • 9/5
  • 2 1/2
  • 3/7
A

9/5

219
Q

Which of the following is classified as a halide compound?

  • Carbon tetrachloride
  • Isopropyl alcohol
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carbolic acid
A

Carbon Tetrachloride

220
Q

The type of hardness which could be removed by boiling.

A

Temporary Hardness

221
Q

Which of the following is classified as a ketone?

  • Propane
  • Propanol
  • Propanone
  • Propanate
A

Propanone

222
Q

In the compound water, hardness is caused by:

  • Radioactivity
  • Non-metallic residue
  • Absense of metallic salts
  • Presence of metallic salts
A

Presence of Metallic Salts

223
Q

Which of the following is NOT an organic compound?

  • Carbon tetrachloride
  • Paradichlorobenzene
  • Acetone
  • Sodium chloride
A

Sodium Chloride

224
Q

Water will combine chemically with certain compounds to form crystalline compounds known as:

  • hydroxides
  • hydrates
  • ketones
  • esters
A

Hydrates

225
Q

The partial oxidation of a primary alcohol forms this.

A

Aldehyde

226
Q

Hydrates can easily be broken up to form anhydrous compounds by:

  • Freezing
  • Agitation
  • Radioactivity
  • Heating
A

Heating

227
Q

Hg is the atomic symbol for this element.

A

Mercury

228
Q

The significance of hard water to the embalmer is that the salts that cause hardness in water also:

  • Dilute embalming fluid
  • Cause autolysis to take place
  • Cause blood clotting
  • Cause rapid dehydration
A

Cause Blood Clotting

229
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about formaldehyde?

  • It is produced by the oxidation of methanol
  • It can be oxidized into methanol
  • It is a colorless gas at room temperature
  • It is soluble in water
A

It Can be Oxidized Into Methanol

230
Q

The name given to the chemical reaction in which oxygen combines with another substance.

A

Oxidation

231
Q

Organic compounds containing a benzene ring.

A

Aromatic Compounds

232
Q

The name given to the chemical reaction which involves the removal of oxygen from an inorganic substance.

A

Reduction

233
Q

Which of the following is a property of alkane compounds?

  • They are saturated hydrocarbon compounds
  • They are unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds
  • They contain equal numbers of carbon and hydrogen atoms
  • They contain oxygen
A

They are Saturated Hydrocarbon Compounds

234
Q

The chemical reactions which involve reduction reactions are always accompanied by:

  • Loss of heat
  • Oxidation reactions
  • Release of H2
  • creation of heat
A

Oxidation Reactions

235
Q

Hydrocarbon compounds that contain at least one double or triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms.

A

Unsaturated

236
Q

Oxidation reactions and reduction reactions always:

  • Release free H2
  • Occur in the same reaction
  • Require a catalyst
  • Exist in separate reactions
A

Occur in the Same Reaction

237
Q

An alcohol with a single hydroxyl unit attached to an end carbon atom.

A

Primary Alcohol

238
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately states a basic fact about oxidation and reduction reactions?

  • They always create acids
  • They always create bases
  • They occur only when acids neutralize bases
  • One cannot take place without the other
A

One Cannot Occur Without the Other

239
Q

A dehydration reaction between two alcohols will form:

  • an ester
  • an ether
  • an acid
  • an amine
A

Ether

240
Q

Chemical reactions involving both oxidation and reduction reactions are someties referred to as:

  • ox-red reactions
  • neutralization reactions
  • ionization reactions
  • redox reactions
A

Redox Reactions

241
Q

How many pairs of electrons are shared betwen two adjacent carbon atoms in an alkyne compound?

A

Three

242
Q

The formula NH3 designates this compound.

A

Ammonia

243
Q

What is the basic unit of all aromatic compounds?

A

Benzene

244
Q

NH3 has significance for the embalmer because it:

  • Is a product of protein decomposition
  • Is a product of carbohydrate decomposition
  • Is a product of lipid decomposition
  • Is capable of increasing fluid index
A

Is a Product of Protein Decomposition

245
Q

What type of a compound is hemoglobin?

A

Protein

246
Q

Electrolytes are substances which, in solution:

  • Release negative ions only
  • Form bases
  • Release positive ions only
  • Release both positive and negative ions
A

Release both negative and positive ions

247
Q

Glycogen is:

  • A carbohydrate
  • A protein
  • A lipid
  • An enzyme
A

A Carbohydrate

248
Q

Substances which release both positively and negatively charged ions when in solution.

A

Electrolytes

249
Q

How many carbon atoms are present in a hexone monosaccharide compound?

A

Six

250
Q

Substances which would release no free ions in solution.

A

Non-Electrolytes

251
Q

Proteins are:

  • waxes
  • oils
  • amphoteric
  • inorganic
A

Amphoteric

252
Q

Most acids, bases, and salts, when in solution, make very good:

  • non-metallic crystalloids
  • Non-electrolytes
  • Solvents
  • Electrolytes
A

Electrolytes

253
Q

Which of the following is mainly affected by putrefaction?

  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Starches
  • Proteins
A

Proteins

254
Q

Esters of glycerol and fatty acids are:

  • acidic
  • fats
  • amino acids
  • buters
A

Fats

255
Q

Substances which ionize in solution to produce H ions.

A

Acids

256
Q

The by-products of the hydrolysis of fats.

A

Fatty Acids and Glycerol

257
Q

Substances which ionize in solution to produce OH ions.

A

Bases

258
Q

Which of the following describes protein molecules?

  • Many monosaccharides linked together
  • Many amino acids linked together
  • Many ketones linked together
  • Many fatty acids linked together
A

Many Amino Acids Linked Together

259
Q

For a substance to be classified as an electrolyte, it must:

  • Contain both an acid and a base
  • Conduct electricity
  • Release only H ions
  • Be chemically neutral
A

Conduct Electricity

260
Q

Which division of chemistry deals specifically with the products used and produced by living things?

A

Biochemistry

261
Q

A salt serving as an electrolyte would release

  • metallic ions and ions of non-metals or non-metallic radicals
  • Only sodium ions
  • Only chlorine ions
  • only sulfate ions
A

Metallic Ions and Ions of Non-Metals or Non-Metallic Radicals

262
Q

The polyatomic ion of hypochlorite is composed of chlorine and

  • Oxygen
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen
A

Oxygen

263
Q

Those ions in a solution which are positively charged.

A

Cations

264
Q

A carbohydrate molecule that contains an aldehyde group.

A

Aldose

265
Q

Those ions in a solution which are negatively charged.

A

Anions

266
Q

The complete oxidation of carbohydrates produces:

  • Monosaccharides
  • Carbon dioxide and fatty acids
  • Carbon dioxide and water
  • Water and alcohol
A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

267
Q

The system devised to measure Hydrogen ion concentration.

A

pH System

268
Q

The complete oxidation of lipids produces

  • glycerol and fatty acids
  • carbon dioxide and fatty acids
  • glycerol and water
  • carbon dioxide and water
A

Carbon Dioxide and Water

269
Q

The pH system is so devised that an even balance of H and OH ions would produce a reading of

  • 14
  • 0
  • 7.4
  • 7.0
A

7.0

270
Q

Which of these substances is NOT derived from the decomposition of proteins?

  • Carbon monoxide
  • Cadaverine
  • Putrescine
  • Ammonia
A

Carbon Monoxide

271
Q

Readings of 6.9 and below on the pH scale would indicate:

A

Acids

272
Q

Which of the following are always present in carbohydrates?

  • C,H,O
  • C,H,O,N
  • Ca,H,O
  • C,H,O,N,P,S
A

C,H,O

273
Q

Readings of 7.1 and above on the pH scale would indicate:

A

Bases

274
Q

The final hydrolytic products of polysaccharides are:

  • Disaccharides
  • Starches
  • Monosaccharides
  • Enzymes
A

Monosaccharides

275
Q

The pH readings of normal blood.

A

7.3 to 7.4

276
Q

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid.

A

Deamination

277
Q

A substance which differentiates between acid and base solutions.

A

An Indicator

278
Q

The complete oxidation of proteins produces:

  • carbon dioxide, water and urea
  • amino acids
  • monosaccharides
  • fatty acids
A

Carbon Dioxide, Water and Urea

279
Q

The paper most commonly used as an indicator.

A

Litmus Paper

280
Q

What property is exhibited by colloidal substances which allows them to absorb large quantities of water?

A

Imbibition

281
Q

Blue litmus paper turning red would indicate:

A

Acid

282
Q

The substance that an enzyme acts upon.

A

Substrate

283
Q

Blue litmus paper placed in solution and showing no color change would indicate:

A

Base

284
Q

Organic compounds held together by peptide bonds.

A

Proteins

285
Q

Red litmus paper placed in solution and showing no color change would indicate:

A

Acid

286
Q

Which of the following would NOT be a factor influencing diffusion?

  • The presence of light
  • The temperature of the solvent
  • The concentration of the solute
  • The amount of agitation of the solvent
A

The Presence of Light

287
Q

Red litmus paper showing a color change to blue indicates:

A

Base

288
Q

Which of the following are esters?

  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates
  • Alcohols
A

Lipids

289
Q

With both red and blue litmus paper placed in the same solution, and neither showing any color change, this would indicate:

A

Neutral Solution

290
Q

The removal of water from a compound is:

A

Dehydration

291
Q

The chemical reaction between an acid and base is known as:

A

Neutralization

292
Q

In a neutralization reaction, the reactants are:

  • salt and water
  • metallic salts and non-metallic oxides
  • acids and bases
  • non-metallic salts and metallic oxides
A

Acids and Bases

293
Q

Which of these describes the process of autolysis?

  • The self digestion of a cell
  • The locomotion method of a cell
  • The metabolic method of a cell
  • The storage capacity of a cell
A

The Self Digestion of a Cell

294
Q

The products of neutralization are:

  • Salt and water
  • Metallic salts and non-metallic oxides
  • Acids and bases
  • Hydrides and phosphates
A

Salt and Water

295
Q

Which of these compounds contain the ammonium raidical?

  • Ternaries
  • Quaternaries
  • Secondaries
  • Primaries
A

Quaternaries

296
Q

In neutralization, the H ions and the OH ions would:

  • repel each other
  • Attract each other
  • form water
  • both b and c
A

Both b and c

297
Q

Which embalming fluids generally have a higher index than arterial fluids?

  • Supplemental fluids
  • Modifying agents
  • Cavity fluids
  • Surfactants
A

Cavity Fluids

298
Q

In neutralization, the negative ions of the acid and the positive ions of the base would form:

  • water
  • salt
  • anhydrous oxide
  • hydrate
A

Salt

299
Q

What type of substance is lanolin?

A

Humectant

300
Q

Surfactants are also referred to as:

A

Wetting Agents

301
Q

The atmosphere in which we live is

  • a compound
  • composed of only one chemical element
  • a solution
  • a mixture
A

A Mixture

302
Q

Bases

  1. taste sour
  2. yield hydroxide ions upon ionization
  3. are proton acceptors
  4. have a pH of 0-7
A

Two and Three (Yield hydroxide ions upon ionization, are proton acceptors)

303
Q

What are the cheif components of air?

  • Compounds of oxygen and nitrogen
  • The elements oxygen and nitrogen
  • Primarily oxygen and sodium
  • Primarily hydrogen and oxygen
A

The Elements Oxygen and Nitrogen

304
Q

When ammonia combines with formaldehyde based substances, it forms a neutral compound known as:

  • Urotropin
  • Peroxide
  • Coagulate
  • Nitrogen
A

Urotropin

305
Q

Oxygen and nitrogen in the air are:

  • Not chemically united
  • Bionic molecules of the two elements
  • Diatomic molecules of the two elements
  • Both A and C
A

Both A and C (Not chemically united, diatomic molecules of the two elements)

306
Q

Which of the following elements or type of element is important in the production of a decomposition resistant substance known as coagulate?

  • Chlorine
  • Oxygen
  • The halogens
  • Nitrogen
A

Nitrogen

307
Q

Of the following, which type of compound yields hydrogen ions when in solution?

  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Salts
  • Oxides
A

Acids

308
Q

Which of the following are used as humectants in the preparation room?

  1. Sorbitol
  2. Glycerol
  3. Phenol
  4. Carbinol
A

1 and 2 (Sorbitol and Glycerol)

309
Q

Which of the following yield both metallic and non-metallic ions in solution?

  • Acids
  • Bases
  • Salts
  • Ethers
A

Salts

310
Q

Which of the following is another name for cadaverine?

  • 1,4-diaminobutane
  • Putrescine
  • Aminomethane
  • 1,5-diaminopentane
A

1,5-diaminopentane

311
Q

Which of the following would be classified as a non-electrolyte?

  • Acid
  • Sugar
  • Base
  • Esters
A

Sugar

312
Q

The area of chemistry that involves all of the living processes that occur in both health and in disease.

A

Biochemistry

313
Q

Because of the nature of formaldehye, which one of the following compounds is added to inhibit polymerization when formaldehyde is dissolved in water?

  • Ethane
  • Methane
  • Methanol
  • Propanol
A

Methanol

314
Q

The metric prefix “kilo” means

A

Thousand

315
Q

Fats supply our bodies with which of the following?

  • Protection
  • Reserve food supply
  • Heat insulation
  • All of these
A

All of These

316
Q

The basic unit for weight measurement in the metric system is the:

A

Gram

317
Q

When the chemical energy of a reaction is measured, the reaction will either release or absorb heat. A reaction that absorbs heat is called:

  • Endothermic
  • Potential
  • Hot
  • Exothermic
A

Endothermic

318
Q

Those characteristics of a substance as it exists in nature.

A

Physical Properties

319
Q

The atomic symbol for lead.

A

Pb

320
Q

Another name for glucose.

A

Dextrose

321
Q

What type of substance is embalming fluid?

  • A compound
  • A mixture
  • An element
  • An isotope
A

A Mixture

322
Q

What happens to the rate of the diffusion of a solute through a solvent when the temperature of the environment is decreased?

  • The rate will decrease
  • The rate will increase
  • The rate will remain the same
  • The rate will alternately decrease and increase
A

The Rate Will Decrease

323
Q

Which of these compounds is described as water-soluble gas with an irritating pungent odor?

  • Formaldehyde
  • Acetone
  • Sodium chloride
  • Benzene
A

Formaldehyde

324
Q

Which of these compounds are considered to be inorganic?

  1. Acids
  2. Bases
  3. Salts
  4. Oxides
A

All of Them

325
Q

Which of these compounds are organic in nature?

  1. Hydrocarbons
  2. Alcohols
  3. Aldehydes
  4. Ketones
A

All of Them

326
Q

Which of these is a property of an organic enzyme?

  1. They are temperature specific
  2. They are pH specific
  3. They are substrate specific
  4. They are labile
A

All of Them

327
Q

Which of these substances is a ternary compound?

  1. Hydrochloric acid
  2. Hydrosulfuric acid
  3. Sulfuric acid
  4. Nitric acid
A

3 and 4 (Sulfuric acid and Nitric acid)

MORS 200 (112 decks)

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