Human Zoonotic Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Ancylostoma spp.

A

type of hookworm that causes cutaneous larval migrans

infects and causes dermatitis in children walking barefoot through fields

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2
Q

Ascaris suum

A

roundworm of pigs; infection in humans is very rare and signs are neurologic or hematologic

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3
Q

Bartonellosis henselae

A

“cat scratch fever,” the owner is infected with the bacteria from flea feces when the cat bites or scratches the owner. Commonly, the bacteria cause fever, malaise, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. Often, cats show no clinical signs. Dogs can be exposed via tick or flea vector and show signs similar to humans, including possible endocarditis.

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4
Q

Baylisascaris procyonis

A

Ascarid (roundworm) found in the small intestine of raccoons. The results in humans is larval migrans to the brain causing CNS disease. It may migrate to the eye and usually affects children.

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5
Q

Campylobacter

A

food borne pathogen, not in milk

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6
Q

Chlamydophila psattaci

A

respiratory psittacosis in humans

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7
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Causes primary nervous system signs

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8
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Small gram negative spore-forming intracellular bacterium acquired from sheep, “Q fever” in humans causes fever, headache, fatigue, premature delivery, or abortions.

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9
Q

Cutaneous larval migrans

A

Hookworm

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10
Q

E. coli 0157:H7

A

Produces “shiga-like toxins” - food borne pathogen causes hemorrhagic diarrhea and is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HSU) in susceptible individuals

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11
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

“Rabbit fever” rabbit is natural host

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12
Q

Guillian-Barre Syndrome

A

Inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy in humans due to food-borne pathogen - Campylobacter jejuni

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13
Q

Hepatitis A virus

A

Typically causes mild signs but can cause liver damage, fatigue, and jaundice

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14
Q

Herpes simiae

A

relatively non-pathogenic in macaques, can cause fatal encephalitis if transmitted to humans. Herpes B virus. Old world monkeys can transmit this disease by bite or scratch. Macaques are the most frequent carriers. In monkeys, the disease can cause mild sore like lesions in times of stress. The strain of herpes is potentially fatal to humans. Similarly, humans carry a strain of herpes (herpes simplex virus) which can cause fatal encephalitis in monkeys.

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15
Q

Influenza virus gene from bird to human strain

A

Some of the genes can transfer from a bird strain into a human strain, thus producing a much more virulent strain that can affect humans. Influenza virus strains can readily exchange genes, especially between turkey strains and swine flu, but also between duck strains and swine flu or even duck flu and human influenza virus. These re-assorted new strains can prove highly virulent.

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16
Q

Listeria nenocytogenes

A

food borne pathogen; can cause fever and muscle aches, but it only sometimes causes gastrointestinal signs such as nausea and diarrhea.

17
Q

Shigella

A

food borne pathogen, a genus of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria genetically closely related to E. coli, main sign is diarrhea

18
Q

Taenia solium

A

swine cysticercosis in humans; occurs with ingestions of infected pork that is inadequately cooked containing cysticerci (larval stage). They evaginate and attach to the small intestine. The adult tapeworms develope (Taeniasis) but cannot complete life cycle until they are consumed in the cyst form (from pork) versus direct ingestion.

19
Q

Toxocara canis

A

roundworm - children’s eyes, visceral larval migrans

20
Q

True Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

A

rare disorder that can occur due to a genetic mutation or may occur sporadically. Patients may experience psychiatric symptoms such as depression or a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Unusual sensory symptoms may also occur. Neurological signs progress to difficulty walking and involuntary movements, and, by the time of death, patients become completely immobile and mute.

21
Q

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

A

typically affects younger people and has been strongly linked to exposure, probably through food, to cattle BSE

22
Q

Visceral larval migrans

A

round worms, toxocara

23
Q

Yersinia enterocalitiea

A

food borne pathogen; severe abdominal pain and fever, acquired from eating pork

24
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Parasite in dog that causes hydatid cyst disease in humans, which can be fatal. A hydatid tapeworm which is non-pathogenic in dogs but it highly pathogenic to fatal in humans and other intermediate hosts in which a hydatid cyst forms. The infection is acquired in dogs by eating raw sheep meat of viscera infected with the parasite. All dogs suspected of being infected should be treated with praziquantel.

25
Q

Sarcocystis hominis

A

Ruminant intermediate host, human definitive host