Chapter 12 - The Pancreas Fill In The Blanks Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas is located in the _______________ cavity posterior to the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum of the small bowel.

A

retroperitoneal

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2
Q

The pancreatic gland appears sonographically _______________ to slightly more _______________ than the hepatic parenchyma.

A

isoechoic; hyperechoic

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3
Q

The major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the _______________ and _______________.

A

aorta; IVC

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4
Q

The head of the pancreas lies _______________ to the IVC.

A

anterior

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5
Q

The _______________ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck and body.

A

SMV

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6
Q

The tortuous _______________ is the superior border of the pancreas.

A

splenic artery

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7
Q

The tail of the pancreas is more difficult to image because it lies anterior to the left kidney and posterior to the left _______________ and _______________.

A

colic flexure; transverse colon

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8
Q

The _______________ receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the CBD at the ampulla of Vater.

A

duct of Wirsung

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9
Q

The blood supply for the pancreas is from the _______________ artery and the _______________ arteries.

A

splenic; pancreaticoduodenal

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10
Q

The _______________ artery is seen along the anterolateral border of the pancreas as it travels a short distance along the anterior aspect of the pancreatic head.

A

gastroduodenal

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11
Q

The _______________ duct crosses the anterior aspect of the portal vein to the right of the proper hepatic artery.

A

common bile

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12
Q

The portal vein is _______________ to the IVC.

A

anterior

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13
Q

The pancreas is both a digestive (_______________) and a hormonal (_______________) gland.

A

digestive (exocrine); hormonal (endocrine)

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14
Q

Failure of the pancreas to furnish sufficient insulin leads to _______________.

A

diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

Exocrine function is performed by _______________ of the pancreas.

A

acini cells

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16
Q

The _______________ is a muscle surrounding the ampulla of Vater that relaxes to allow pancreatic juice and bile to empty into the duodenum.

A

Sphincter of Oddi

17
Q

The endocrine function is located in the _______________ in the pancreas.

A

islets of Langerhans

18
Q

The beta cells are most prevalent and produce _______________, a hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver.

A

insulin

19
Q

Alpha cells produce _______________, a hormone that causes the cells to release glucose to meet the energy needs of the body.

A

glucagons

20
Q

Delta cells are the smallest composition of endocrine tissue and produce _______________.

A

somatostatin

21
Q

There are specific enzymes of the pancreas that may become altered in pancreatic disease, namely _______________ and _______________.

A

amylase; lipase

22
Q

Both amylase and lipase rise at the same rate, but the elevation in _______________ concentration persists for a long period in pancreatitis.

A

lipase

23
Q

_______________ controls the blood sugar level in the body.

A

Glucose

24
Q

Name the structures that should be identified as landmarks to locate the pancreas.

A

SMA, SMV, portal vein, splenic vein, Aorta, IVC CBD, GDA, left renal vein, duodenal bulb, posterior wall of the stomach

25
Q

When the pancreas is enlarged, the anterior border of the _______________ may depict a slight indentation.

A

IVC

26
Q

When the pancreas becomes damaged and malfunctions as a result of increased secretion and blockage of ducts, _______________ occurs.

A

pancreatitis