Chapter 11 - The Gallbladder and the Biliary System Flashcards

1
Q

small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall

A

adenomyomatosis

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2
Q

small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common bile duct enter to release secretions

A

ampulla of Vater

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3
Q

yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of red blood cells

A

bilirubin

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4
Q

inflammation of the bile duct

A

cholangitis

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5
Q

removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

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6
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder; may be acute or chronic

A

cholecystitis

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7
Q

hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

A

cholecystokinin

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8
Q

cystic growth of the common duct that may cause obstruction

A

choledochal cyst

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9
Q

stones in the bile duct

A

choledocholithiasis

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10
Q

gallstones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

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11
Q

variant of adenomyomatosis; cholesterol polyps; also called cholesterosis

A

cholesterolosis

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12
Q

extends from the point where the common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct; drains into the duodenum after it joins with the main pancreatic duct

A

common bile duct

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13
Q

refers to common bile or hepatic ducts when the cystic duct is not seen

A

common duct

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14
Q

bile duct system that drains the liver into the common bile duct

A

common hepatic duct

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15
Q

connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

A

cystic duct

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16
Q

storage pouch for bile

A

gallbladder (GB)

17
Q

small part of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stones may collect

A

Hartmann’s pouch

18
Q

tiny valves found within the cystic duct

A

Heister’s valves

19
Q

massive enlargement of the gallbladder

A

hydrops

20
Q

excessive bilirubin accumulation that causes yellow pigmentation of the skin; first seen in the whites of the eyes

A

jaundice

21
Q

small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall

A

junctional fold

22
Q

cancer at the bifurcation of the hepatic ducts; may cause asymmetric obstruction of the biliary tree

A

Klatskin’s tumor

23
Q

positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpation

A

Murphy’s sign

24
Q

travels horizontally through the pancreas to join the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater

A

pancreatic duct

25
Q

gallbladder variant in which part of the fundus is bent back on itself

A

Phrygian cap

26
Q

small, well-defined soft tissue projection from the gallbladder wall

A

polyps of the gallbladder

27
Q

calcification of the gallbladder wall

A

porcelain gallbladder

28
Q

central area of the liver where the portal vein, common duct, and hepatic artery enter

A

porta hepatis

29
Q

low-level echoes found along the posterior margin of the gallbladder; move with change in position

A

sludge

30
Q

small muscle that guards the ampulla of Vater

A

sphincter of Oddi

31
Q

sonographic pattern found when the gallbladder is packed with stones

A

wall echo shadow (WES) sign