Specialised Cells Flashcards
What are Palisade Leaf Cells adapted for?
Photosynthesis
Whats the structure like in a Palisade Leaf Cell and how does this help with photosynthesis?
Packed with CHLOROPLASTS for photosynthesis. More of them crammed at the TOP of the cell - so they’re near the LIGHT
THIN shape = large SURFACE AREA exposed down the side for ABSORBING CO2 from the air. Also pack lots of the cells at the top of the leaf
What are Guard Cells adapted for?
Opening and Closing Pores
What shape are Guard Cells?
Kidney shaped - which opens and closes the STOMATA (pores) in a leaf
What happens to Guard Cells when the plant has LOTS OF water?
The Guard Cells go plump and turgid. This makes the stomata OPEN so GASES can be exchanged for Photosynthesis
What happens to Guard Cells when the plant IS SHORT OF water?
The Guard Cells lose water and become FALCCID (limp), making the stomata close. This helps stop water vapour ESCAPING
What are the walls of the Guard Cells like?
THIN outer walls and THICK inner walls make the opening and closing work
Guard Cells are also sensitive to [ ] and close at night to save [ ] without losing out on [ ]
Light
Water
Photosynthesis
What are Red Blood Cells adapted for?
Carrying oxygen
What is the shape of Red Blood Cells and why does it help?
CONCAVE shape gives a big SURFACE AREA for absorbing OXYGEN
Helps them pass smoothly through CAPILLARIES to reach body cells
They’re packed with [ ] - the pigment that absorbs [ ]
Haemoglobin
Oxygen
Do Red Blood Cells have a nucleus? Why?
No, leave more room for Haemoglobin
What are SPERM and EGG cells specialised for?
Reproduction
What is the main purpose of an egg cell?
To carry female DNA and to NOURISH the developing embryo in the early stages.
The egg cell contains huge FOOD RESERVES to feed the embryo.
When a SPERM fuses with the egg, the egg’s [ ] instantly changes its structure to stop any more [ ] getting in. This make the offspring end up with the right amount of [ ]
Membrane
Sperm
DNA
