A&P 2 Final Flashcards
Order of tissue layers of the digestive
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
serosa
Salivary glands - how many, names and location of them, how much saliva is secreted
3 sets of glands: parotid (closest to ears), sublingual (under the tongue), submandibular (under the mandible)—2-4 pints of saliva are produced a day
Bolus vs. Chyme
Bolus: a small rounded mass of substance, especially of chewed food at the moment of swallowing
Chyme: The pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food
Organs of alimentary canal
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestines
Location of cardiac and pyloric sphincters
Cardiac: at the upper portion of the stomach
Pyloric: between the pylorus of the stomach and duodenum of the small intestine
- Ducts (hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct – name what organ they leave from and what organ/duct they connect to
Hepatic: The left/right hepatic Duct connects from the liver to the cystic duct
Cystic: The cystic duct connects the common hepatic duct to the gallbladder
Common Bile: Combo of the two—connects the liver and gallbladder
- Functions of small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, stomach
Small intestines: Receives chime and changes the pH, absorbs water, ions, vitamins, and products released from food using digestive enzymes from intestinal glands and the pancreas
Large intestines: Reabsorbs water and compacts feces, absorbs vitamins made by bacteria, and stores feces before defecation
Pancreas: Produces a mixture of buffers and enzymes essential for digestion
Liver: Performs metabolic regulation by absorbing nutrients and vitamins and releasing nutrients as needed, perfoms hematological regulation by producing plasma proteins and removing old red blood cells, and also produces bile
Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile for release into the duodenum
Stomach: Temporary storage of ingested food, mechanical breakdown of food and formation of chyme, breakage of chemical bonds in food by action of acid and enzymes, and production of intrinsic factor
- Deglutition (swallowing) – list if each stage is voluntary or involuntary and what organs it involves
Oral: voluntary—involves teeth, tongue
Pharyngeal: involuntary—pharynx and larynx, hyoid, epiglottis
Esophageal: involuntary—esophagus, stomach
- Fat emulsification – definition, bile, lipids, micelles
The breakdown of fat
Bile emulsifies fat^
Lipids are the fat which is being broken down
Micelles: an aggregate of molecules in a colloidal solution, such as those formed by detergents
- Where rugae is found and what it is
It is a natural crease or ridge in the body found in the stomach
- Where haustra is found and what it is
Small pouches along the large intestine
- Hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile
CCK
- Hormone that stimulates the stomach to produce HCl
Gastrin
- Chemical digestion vs. mechanical digestion (definition and actions, what they involve)
Mechanical digestion: separation of large pieces of food into smaller pieces—prepares food for chemical digestion—occurs in the mouth and involves teeth
Chemical Digestion: breakdown of food particles into molecules—carried by enzymes and chemicals like saliva and gastric acid
- What is mesentery
A fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine and pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen
