Pharmacology (Exam 1)

Question 1

Medications with the ability to kill or inhibit growth of bacteria.

Answer 1

Antibiotics

Question 2

Given before to minimize post surgery infections.

Answer 2

Prophylaxis

Question 3

Bactericidal agents that act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis resulting in bacterial lysis.

Answer 3

Penicillin

Question 4

Bactericidal agents that act by inhibiting cell membrane synthesis. Anti-staphyloccus agents.

Answer 4

Cephalosporins

Question 5

Antibacterial against enteric bacteria and chlamydia species. Not often used in orthopedic infections.

Answer 5

Tetracyclines

Question 6

Infection after open fractures which antibiotic is best for treatment?

Answer 6

Cephalosporin with or without an aminoglycoside

Question 7

Internal fracture fixation devices generally are recognized as _____ infection.

Answer 7

Increasing

Question 8

Bacteria are capable of colonizing the surface of _____ implant devices for fracture stabilization and joint replacement.

Answer 8

Metal

Question 9

____ % infection with stainless steel.

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

____% infection with titanium.

Answer 10

35%

Question 11

A heat-stable antibiotic is manually impregnanted within bone cement.

Answer 11

Polymethlymethacrylate (PMMA)

Question 12

Anti-inflammatory agents. Inhibit the migration of leukocyte and suppress production of prostaglandins. Used for moderate to severe painful inflammatory musculoskeletal condition.

Answer 12

Corticosteroids

Question 13

_____ maximize local effects of the drug while minimizing deleterious systemic effects.

Answer 13

Steroids

Question 14

Non-weight bearing small joints respond best to _______.

Answer 14

Intraarticular injections.

Question 15

Injections of the knee of OA pain and inflammation generally are effective at ___ week with relief of symptoms similar to placebo at ___ weeks.

Answer 15

1 week, 4 weeks

Question 16

Potential rupture of ligaments or tendons. Inhibit collagen synthesis.

Answer 16

Possible complications with intraarticular injections.

Question 17

Large weight bearing joints should be rested _____ hours after injection with a minimum of ___ weeks between injections.

Answer 17

24 hours, 4 weeks.

Question 18

Decrease pain and inflammation.

Answer 18

NSAIDS (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Question 19

Manage mild to moderate pain. Available without prescription. Decrease inflammation and fever. Inhibits platelet induced thrombus formation. Should not be given to children.

Answer 19

Aspirin

Question 20

Potentially fatal disease that causes detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver, as well as causing hypoglycemia.

Answer 20

Reye Syndrome

Question 21

Treating fever in children. No anti-inflammatory effects.

Answer 21

Tylenol (Acetaminophen)

Question 22

Decrease inflammation, pain, fever. Decrease production of prostaglandins.

Answer 22

Advil or Motrin

Question 23

Acute treatment of venous thrombosis and thromboembolism. Also, before joint replacement and other surgeries.

Answer 23

Heparin, Coumadin

Question 24

Must be administered parentally (IV).

Answer 24

Heparin

Question 25

Administered orally.

Answer 25

Warfarin

Question 26

Hemorrhage, increased bleeding, unusual urine bleeding or blood in stools, back pain, joint pain, or GI distress.

Answer 26

Adverse Effects of Anticoagulants