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Orthopedics > Role of PTA in Assessment (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Role of PTA in Assessment (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

The measurement or quantification of a variable or the placement of a value on something.

A

Assessment

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2
Q

Preliminary gathering of data and performing various screens, test, and measures to obtain a comprehensive base from which to make decisions about physical therapy needs for each individual patient.

A

Examination

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3
Q

Specific process reserved solely for the physical therapist, in which clinical judgements are made from this base of data obtained during the examination.

A

Evaluation

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4
Q

Is the first response of a living organism to injury or disruption of normal processes?

A

Inflammation

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5
Q

Two important facts about inflammation:

A
  1. Inflammation is normal and necessary response to trigger tissue healing.
  2. Unresolved (chronic) inflammation may lead to permanent and undesired tissue changes.
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6
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation.

A

Localized Heat (Warmth), Redness, Swelling, Pain

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7
Q

Pain during ROM before tissue resistance is felt is an indication of _____ inflammation.

A

Acute

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8
Q

Pain at the same time end range is reached is an indication of ____ inflammation.

A

Sub-acute

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9
Q

Pain as a stretching sensation at limit of ROM is an indication of ____ inflammation.

A

Chronic

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10
Q

Acute Inflammation last __ to ___ days.

A

4-6 Days

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11
Q

Chronic Inflammation lasts ____ months to ____ years.

A

6 months - 1 year

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12
Q

Patient 2 days post TKA (Effusion) should they be receiving a hot pack? What should you do?

A

Consult with PT. Cold Pack.

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13
Q

Normal inflammatory response has a increase in temperature that is local and mild/moderate when compared to _____.

A

Contralateral Side (Opposite)

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14
Q

Red streaks indicative of acute inflammation due to bacterial infection indicate _____.

A

Strep/Staph

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15
Q

Redness and superficial tenderness and hardness (induration) indicate ______.

A

Vein swelling due to a blood clot. Superficial thrombophlebitis.

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16
Q

Pale coloring and pallor and temperature change may indicate ______.

A

Occlusion

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17
Q

Is a commonly used quick assessment technique to rule out the presence of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that is performed by gentle passive stretching of the ankle into full dorsiflexion and assessing for pain in the calf.

A

Homan’s Sign

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18
Q

Refers to excessive pooling of fluid in the spaces between tissues.

A

Edema

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19
Q

Assessments for Edema

A

Girth, Palpation, Volumetrics

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20
Q

Hard, tough, thick, leathery ____ edema.

A

Brawny

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21
Q

Sustained indentation with compression _____ edema.

A

Pitting

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22
Q 
Grades of Pitting Edema
1+
2+
3+
4+
A

1+ Barely perceptible depression
2+ Easily identified depression. Depression takes +15 seconds to rebound.
3+ Depression takes 15-30 seconds to rebound.
4+ Depression lasts for 30 seconds or more.

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23
Q

Occurs in anatomic compartment such as calf or forearm due to increased fluids in an area of tightly bound fascia.

A

Compartment Syndrome

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24
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome

A

Pain and cramping with activity improves with rest.
Increased superficial temperature.
Tight, shiny skin appearance.
Changes in sensation.

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25
Q

Pain assessment should include.

A

Changes since last visit.
Patient response to intervention.
Pattern.
Descriptions, characteristics - sharp, dull, achy, burning, stinging etc.

26
Q

Pain persists longer than expected based on physiological principles of tissue healing. Greater than 3 months.

A

Chronic Pain

27
Q

Spreading of pain to areas outside of or distant from immediate area of involvement.

A

Peripheralization

28
Q

Increasing signs and symptoms in immediate area of lesion.

A

Centralization

29
Q

Potentially serious pain conditions and the possible associated pathology or body system.

A

Red Flags

30
Q

Activity related discomfort associated with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Sharp, cramping, burning pain usually located in calf.

A

Intermittent Claudication

31
Q

May indicate non-organic or psychological component to chronic LBP. Demonstrates signs 3 or more tests is positive.

A

Waddell’s Signs

32
Q

Pain related to patterns of innervation to organs or other anatomic structures. Pain located in a different site than injury.

A

Referred Pain

33
Q

Refers to pain that originates from a body organ.

A

Visceral Pain

34
Q

Small, localized tender areas or nodules found within skeletal muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments, periosteum, and pericapsular areas.

A

Trigger Points

35
Q

Normal Adult Heart Rate

A

60-80bpm

36
Q

Normal Respiration

A

12-18bpm

37
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

120/80

38
Q

No increase in systolic pressure or drop in systolic pressure with exercise. Normal or abnormal?

A

Abnormal

39
Q

Systolic should not increase > 20 mm Hg with minimum to moderate exercise or > 40-50 mm Hg with intense exercise. Normal or abnormal?

A

Abnormal

40
Q

Increase that correlates with rate and intensity of exercise. Normal or abnormal?

A

Normal

41
Q

Diastolic not expected to increase or decrease > 10 mm Hg with exercise in healthy adults.

A

Normal

42
Q

HR should return to resting rate within ___ minutes of exercise.

A

5 Minutes

43
Q

HR > 20-30 above of resting HR. Normal or abnormal?

A

Abnormal

44
Q

HR decreases below resting HR. Normal or abnormal?

A

Abnormal

45
Q

Objective grade given by patient to indicate amount of exertion.

A

Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE or Borg Scale)

46
Q

Patterns of joint movement limitations of when the joint capsule is limiting structure.

A

Capsular Patterns

47
Q

Describe the quality of limitation obtained by passively moving a body part its extreme range of motion.

A

End-Feel

48
Q

Soft-tissue approximation.

A

Soft

49
Q

Tissue stretch, leathery, capsular.

A

Firm

50
Q

Bony, bone contacting bone, or bone to bone.

A

Hard

51
Q

Abnormal End Feels

A

Boggy, Capsular, Bony Block, Empty

52
Q

Quick, functional, not necessarily anti-gravity.

A

Gross MMT

53
Q

The state of contractibility of muscle.

A

Muscle Tone

54
Q

Loss of muscle or tendon’s ability to obtain full length

A

Flexibility

55
Q

Joint noise due to changes of joint surfaces.

A

Crepitus

56
Q

Inflamed ___ is tender to touch or seems to becoming larger or more tender.

A

Bursae

57
Q

Local enlargement of a joint, painful, increased temperature, sudden onset, extreme tenderness.

A

Gout

58
Q

Summary of objective tests or measures.

A

Assessment

59
Q

According to the Normative Model of PTA education, PTA’s role in clinic?

A

Modifying interventions, assisting with data collection, making appropriate judgements.

60
Q

Three physiological systems linked to balance.

A
  1. Somatosensory
    (Musculoskeletal and Neuromuscular)
  2. Visual
  3. Vestibular
61
Q

Enlarged and tender lymph nodes should be reported because?

A

In the event of an underlying pathology, some interventions may be contraindicated.

62
Q

Bleeding into a joint space.

A

Hemiarthosis

Orthopedics (17 decks)

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