EXAM #1: INTRODUCTION I & II

Question 1

What is the definition of pharmacology?

Answer 1

Science concerned with the interaction of chemical substances with a biological target

**Specifically, what are the mechanisms that counteract disease?

Question 2

What is the definition of pharmacy?

Answer 2

Science and profession concerned with:

• Preparation
• Dispensing
• Proper utilization

of drug products.

Question 3

What is toxicology?

Answer 3

Science of poisons and toxicity that focuses on the harmful effects of drugs/ their mechanisms

Question 4

What is a prescription drug?

Answer 4

Agents whose sale is restricted and only available with an Rx from a LICENSED provider

Question 5

What organization regulated prescription drugs at the federal level? What about the state level? What is the difference?

Answer 5

Federal= FDA 
State= controls licensure of providers that Rx

Question 6

Outline the fives schedules of drugs.

Answer 6

I= high abuse potential, no medical use*

II= high abuse potential, WITH medical use

III= less abuse potential than I or II, low potential for dependence

IV= less abuse potential and dependence than III

V= less abuse and limited dependence

Question 7

What is a nonprescription of OTC drug?

Answer 7

Drugs that can be sold with directions for safe use by the public

*****Note that there is wide variation in the marketing of these drugs for substances that are v. similar

Question 8

Are nonprescription drugs regulated?

Answer 8

Yes, these drugs are also monitored by the FDA

Question 9

What are the clinical considerations regarding OTC drugs that you should keep in mind as a provider?

Answer 9

1) May be a CHEAPER/ useful option for a patient
2) May EXACERBATE a medical condition
3) Drug INTERACTIONS
4) May be used INAPPROPRIATELY

Question 10

What are the three basic steps of drug development?

Answer 10

1) Drug identification
2) In vitro experimentation and animal testing
3) Clinical testing

Question 11

What happens once a drug is identified?

Answer 11

Animal testing occurs

Question 12

What are the purposes of animal testing?

Answer 12

• Drug characterization

- Determination of a lethal dose

Question 13

What is the difference between phase I, II, III, and IV clinical testing?

Answer 13

I= Is the dose safe?
- Small # of patients 
II= Does it work?
- Small # of patients 
III= Is it better? RCT* 
IV= Should it stay?
- "Post-marketing studies"

Question 14

What are the three names that are given to a drug?

Answer 14

• Chemical name
• Generic name
• Trade name

Question 15

What is the chemical name of a drug?

Answer 15

Standard chemical nomenclature denoting the chemical structure

Question 16

What is the generic name of a drug?

Answer 16

Non-proprietary name of a drug derived from the chemical name*

This is the only name of a drug that will be given on boards

Question 17

What is the trade name of a drug?

Answer 17

Registered brand name or trademark given to a specific drug

Question 18

How are the five general methods for classifying drugs?

Answer 18

• Drug action
• Molecular target
• Drug source
• Chemical nature
• Generic name

Question 19

What type of drug classification is “antiviral agent?”

Answer 19

Drug action

Question 20

What type of drug classification is “Beta-Blocker?”

Answer 20

Molecular target

Question 21

What type of drug classification is “atropine?”

Answer 21

Drug source

Atropine is a naturally occuring compound from the ATROPA genus of plants

Question 22

What type of drug classifications are the titles, “steroids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines?”

Answer 22

Chemical nature

Question 23

What type of drug classification is “atorvastatin?”

Answer 23

Generic name

Question 24

What is pharmacokinetics?

Answer 24

“What the body does to a drug.”

Question 25

What is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 25

“What the drug does to the body.”