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NPLEX I > Anatomy- Splanchnology > Flashcards

Anatomy- Splanchnology Flashcards

1
Q

How many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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2
Q

How many deciduous teeth are there?

A

20

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3
Q

What nerve supplies the teeth?

A

The superior and inferior alveolar nerve

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4
Q

What muscles make up the pillars of the fauces?

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal m.

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5
Q

What are the muscles of swallowing?

A

the constrictor group

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6
Q

What nerves innervate swallowing?

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (Vagus)

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7
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

alter the shape of the tongue

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8
Q

What muscle sticks the tongue out?

A

genioglossus

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9
Q

What muscle pulls the tongue back in?

A

styloglossus

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10
Q

What muscle elevates the tongue?

A

palatoglossus

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11
Q

What muscle depresses the tongue?

A

hypoglossus

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12
Q

Which of the muscles that moves the tongue is innervated by CN X? (vagus)

A

Palatoglossus

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13
Q

What nerve innervates most of the motor actions of the tongue?

A

CN XII Hypoglossal nerve

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14
Q

What innervates touch of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve CN V

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15
Q

What innervates taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN VII Facial nerve, Chordatympani branch

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16
Q

What innervates touch and taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

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17
Q

What innervates touch and taste for the epiglottis?

A

CN X (Vagus)

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18
Q

What glandular duct opens at the level of the 2nd maxillary molars?

A

parotid gland

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19
Q

What bone to the top teeth attach to?

A

Maxilla

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20
Q

What do the tensor palati and elevator palati do?

A

raise and tauten the soft palate

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21
Q

Which muscle elevates the larynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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22
Q

What does palatopharyngeus muscle do?

A

depresses the soft palate, puts tongue to mouth

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23
Q

What does the salpingopharyngeus muscle do?

A

opens the auditory tube

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24
Q

What nerve innervates the upper 1/3 of the straite muscle of the esophagus?

A

CN X Vagus

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25
Q

Where does peristalsis occur in the esophagus?

A

Inferior 2/3

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26
Q

What passes through the diaphragm?

A

the esophagus, the aorta and the inferior vena cava

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27
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

duodenum, ascending and descending colon, kidney, pancreas (partially)

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28
Q

Describe the musculature of the stomach from the inside out

A

Internal- oblique
Middle- circular
Outer- longitudinal

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29
Q

What artery supplies the stomach

A

the celiac via the L and R gastric arteries

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30
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries?

A

R and L gastroepiploic arteries

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31
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries?

A

R and L gastric arteries

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32
Q

What are 3 branches of the celiac trunk?

A

left gastric, common hepatic, splenic

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33
Q

What organs receive blood from the celiac trunk?

A

Liver, Stomach, Spleen

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34
Q

What are the 3 main veins that drain into the portal vein?

A

Splenic, Superior and Inferior mesenteric

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35
Q

What kind of nerves are splanchnic nerves?

A

sympathetics

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36
Q

What action of the spastic nerves have on the stomach?

A

decrease peristalsis and acid secretion

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37
Q

What provides the parasympathetics to the stomach?

A

Vagus nerve, CN X

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38
Q

What action to parasympathetics have on the stomach?

A

increase peristalsis and acid secretion

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39
Q

What veins drain the stomach?

A

gastric vein, which drains into the portal vein

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40
Q

How do pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum?

A

through the duodenal papilla

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41
Q

Which part of the small intestine does the most absorption?

A

Jejunum

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42
Q

Which part of the SI has the larger diameter, larger villi and longer vasa recta?

A

Jejunum

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43
Q

Which part of the SI has more arterial arcades and more peyers patches?

A

The ileum

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44
Q

What artery supplies the SI?

A

Superior mesenteric

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45
Q

What vessel drains the SI?

A

superior mesenteric vein?

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46
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage that carries fat from the GI called?

A

lacteals

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47
Q

Where does the lacteal transport fat to?

A

to the thoracic duct

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48
Q

What are the thickened bands of longitudinal smooth muscle of the large intestine called?

A

Teniae coli

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49
Q

What are the pouches of colon called?

A

Haustra

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50
Q

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

ascending and descending portions

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51
Q

What vascular beds in the anus can cause internal hemorrhages?

A

rectal venous plexus

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52
Q

What nerve innervates the skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter?

A

pudendal nerve

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53
Q

What parts of the large intestine does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

ileocecal area, ascending colon, 1/2 of transverse colon

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54
Q

What parts of the large intestine does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

1/2 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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55
Q

What are three areas of concern for varicosities?

A

Esophagus, anal canal, umbilicus

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56
Q

Where do parasympathetics that supply the large intestine come from?

A

S2,3,4 and pelvic splanchnics

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57
Q

What bones make up the nasal aperture?

A

Nasa, maxilla, Frontal

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58
Q

What makes up the nasal septum?

A

Vomer, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethnic bone

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59
Q

What sinus drains the nasal cavity?

A

Maxillary sinus

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60
Q

Which meatus contains openings of maxillary and ethnical sinuses?

A

middle meatus

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61
Q

What makes up the lateral walls of the nose?

A

The conchae

62
Q

Which conch is a separate bone and contains erectile tissue?

A

inferior concha

63
Q

What are the 4 sinuses?

A

Sphenoid, Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid

64
Q

What arteries supply the nose?

A

ant and posterior ethmoidal from the ophthalmic artery

sphenopalatine and greater palatine from the maxillary artery

65
Q

What nerve makes mouth, eyes and nose wet?

A

Facial nerve, CN VII

66
Q

What is the hay fever ganglion?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion, mandibular division of the CN V trigeminal nerve

67
Q

What nerve smells?

A

CN I Olfactory

68
Q

What is the working cartilage of the larynx?

A

Arytenoid

69
Q

What cartilage sits atop the arytenoid cartilage?

A

corniculate cartilage

70
Q

The thyroid cartilage attaches to which cartilage?

A

Cricoid

71
Q

Which muscles close the epiglottis?

A

Aryepiglottis

Thyroepiglottis, oblique arytenoid

72
Q

What is the space between the vocal cords?

A

Rima glottidis or glottis

73
Q

Which muscles are involved in vocalization?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoid

74
Q

Which muscle lengthens and thus causes a lower pitch?

A

cricothyroid

75
Q

Which muscle shortens and thus causes a higher pitch?

A

Thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles

76
Q

What nerve innervates motor to the cricothyroid?

A

superior laryngeal nerve

77
Q

What nerve innervates the remaining laryngeal muscles?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

78
Q

What is the overall source of the nerves to the larynx?

A

CN X, Vagus

79
Q

Foreign objects are more likely to get caught in which lung?

A

Right lung, because it has a straighter path

80
Q

What adheres the lung to the thoracic cage, diaphragm and pericardium?

A

Parietal pleura

81
Q

What is the thin layer over the lung called?

A

visceral pleura

82
Q

What is it called when you have a loss of vacuum between the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

pneumothorax

83
Q

What carries blood from the aorta to the lung tissue?

A

Bronchial artery

84
Q

What carries blood from the lung tissue to azygous veins?

A

Bronchial vein

85
Q

What carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the alveoli?

A

Pulmonary artery

86
Q

What carries oxygenated blood from the alveoli to the left atrium?

A

pulmonary vein

87
Q

What is the location of passage of bronchi, blood vessels and nerves?

A

the hilum of the lung

88
Q

Which lung has a horizontal fissure?

A

Right

89
Q

The cardiac notch is found in which lung?

A

Left

90
Q

What is the projection of the upper lobe of the left lung called?

A

Lingula

91
Q

What nerve innervates the lungs?

A

Vagus CN X

92
Q

What constricts the bronchioles?

A

parasympathetics

93
Q

What dilates the bronchioles?

A

sympathetics

94
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus gland

95
Q

What is in the middle mediastinum?

A

heart, pericardium

96
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

esophagus, descending aorta, axygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

97
Q

What is in the superior mediastinum?

A

aortic arch, brachiocephalic veins, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve

98
Q

What rib bisects the kidney?

A

Rib 12

99
Q

The kidneys are located between which spinal levels?

A

T11-L3

100
Q

What is the pathway for blood through the kidney?

A

Abdominal aorta–> renal arteries–> interlobar arteries–> arcuate arteries–> interlobular arteries–> afferent arterioles–> efferent arterioles–> stellate veins–> interlobular veins–> arcuate veins–> interlobar veins–> renal veins–> inferior vena cava

101
Q

What is the flow of filtrate through the nephron?

A

glomerulus–> bowmans capsule–> proximal tubule–> loop of henle–> distal tubule–> collecting duct–> renal pelvis

102
Q

What is the muscle of the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

103
Q

What is the trigone?

A

The 2 ureteric orifices, the Opening for the urethra

104
Q

What nerve controls the voluntary external urethral sphincter?

A

Pudendal nerve S 2, 3, 4

105
Q

What effect does parasympathetics have on the bladder?

A

Contracts the detrusor, inhibits/relaxes the internal sphincter

106
Q

Where effect does sympathetics have on the bladder?

A

relax the detrusor, activate the internal sphincter

107
Q

Where does the bladder get its blood supply?

A

internal iliac artery

108
Q

What are part of the tubule system of the testes?

A

seminiferous tubules –> rete testes –> efferent ductules–> epididymis

109
Q

What structure passes through the inguinal canal?

A

ductus deferens

110
Q

How does the prostate secrete its fluids into the urethra?

A

Through the prostatic duct

111
Q

What is embedded in the external urethral sphincter?

A

bulbourethral glands

112
Q

Ductus deference joins with the duct from seminars vesicles to form what?

A

the ejaculatory duct

113
Q

What are the three parts of the urethra?

A

Prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy

114
Q

What fills with blood during an erection?

A

corpus cavernosum

115
Q

What artery is responsible for an erection?

A

Helicene artery

116
Q

The crus penis is a part of what erectile tissue?

A

the corpus cavernosum

117
Q

The glans penis is part of what erectile tissue?

A

the corpus spongiosum

118
Q

What ligament holds ovaries to the lateral wall?

A

suspensory ligaments

119
Q

What attaches ovaries of the uterus?

A

ovarian ligament

120
Q

What is the name for the peritoneum that draws the uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries?

A

Broad ligament

121
Q

What is the part of the broad ligament that covers the uterine tubes?

A

Mesosalpinx

122
Q

What is the part of the broad ligament that covers the ovary?

A

Mesovarium

123
Q

What are the names of the structures from the ovary to the uterus?

A

Fimbriae–> infundibulum–> ampulla–> isthmus

124
Q

Where does fertilization take place most often?

A

in the ampulla

125
Q

What ligament suspends the uterus and anchors the labia majora via the inguinal canal?

A

Round ligament

126
Q

What female glands are homologous to the prostate gland?

A

Paraurethral glands

127
Q

At what position on the clock are the paraurethral glands?

A

2 and 10 o’clock

128
Q

At what position on the clock are Bartholins glands?

A

4 and 8 o’clock

129
Q

What muscle raises the pelvic floor, supports pelvic viscera and controls defecations via elevation of the anal canal?

A

levator ani

130
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

A

Right, Left, Quadrate, Caudate

131
Q

What tunnels through the liver to collect filtered blood?

A

Inferior vena cava

132
Q

What does the hepatic triad consist of?

A

hepatic artery, vein and bile canaliculi

133
Q

Where does the liver tissue get its blood from?

A

Hepatic artery from the celiac trunk

134
Q

What separates the right from the left lobe of the liver?

A

falciform ligament

135
Q

What attaches the liver to the abdominal wall?

A

Round ligament

136
Q

What is the name of the transverse fissure where ducts and vessels enter and leave the liver on the visceral surface between the caudate and quadrate lobes?

A

Porta Hepatica

137
Q

What are two sources of blood for the liver?

A

Hepatic artery, Portal vein

138
Q

What separates the quadrate lobe of the liver from the left lobe on the visceral surface?

A

the ligament teres

139
Q

What sits in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella truck of the sphenoid bones?

A

the pituitary gland

140
Q

What is located posterior to the thalamus and superior to the midbrain of the brainstem?

A

Pineal gland

141
Q

What is the body’s largest endocrine gland?

A

the Thyroid

142
Q

Describe the location of the thyroid by bony landmarks?

A

Located between C5 and T1 levels, on the anterior of the body below the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

143
Q

How many parathyroid glands do you usually have?

A

4

144
Q

What are the two layers of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex, Medulla

145
Q

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?

A

Glomerulosa
Fasiculata
Reticularis

146
Q

What cells produce catecholamines in the adrenal glands?

A

Chromaffin cells

147
Q

In what chamber are the SA and AV nodes

A

Right atria

148
Q

Where does blood from the cardiac veins flow?

A

Through the coronary sinus into the right atrium

149
Q

What work together to prevent tricuspid and mitral valves from buckling open?

A

chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

150
Q

When do coronary arteries fill?

A

during diastole blood backs up and fills up the semilunar valves of the aortic valve, entering the coronaries

151
Q

What forms the first heart sound?

A

closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves

152
Q

What forms the second heart sound?

A

closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves

NPLEX I (22 decks)

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