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A&P I > Exam 1 Slide Show (Introduction) Pt 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Slide Show (Introduction) Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define superior

A

Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure

AKA cephalic or cranial

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2
Q

Define Inferior

A

Away from the head, or the lower part of a structure

AKA caudal

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3
Q

Define Anterior

A

Nearer to or at the front of the body

AKA ventral

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4
Q

Define Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

AKA dorsal

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5
Q

Define Medial

A

Nearer to the midline

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6
Q

Define Lateral

A

Farther from the midline

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7
Q

Define Intermediate

A

Between two structures

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8
Q

Define Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body as another structure

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9
Q

Define Contralateral

A

On the opposite side of the body from another structure

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10
Q

Define Proximal

A

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure

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11
Q

Define Distal

A

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk; farther from the origination of a structure

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12
Q

Define Superficial

A

Toward or on the surface of the body

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13
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

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14
Q

Contrast blood plasma with serum

A

Blood plasma has the clotting proteins intact, but serum lacks the clotting proteins

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15
Q

Humans are regarded as ____ where our internal temperature stays fairly constant

A

Homeotherms

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16
Q

Connective tissue is considered____ as its found all over the body

A

Systemic

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17
Q

What are imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body?

A

Planes

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18
Q

What is the dorsal body cavity comprised of?

A

The cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity

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19
Q

What is the ventral body cavity comprised of?

A

The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity

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20
Q

What are organs inside the ventral body cavity termed as?

A

Viscera

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21
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The diaphragm

22
Q

The thoracic cavity is subdivided into _____ and _____

A

lateral plural cavities and the mediastinum

23
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

The pericardial cavity (enclosing the heart), esophagus, trachea, etc…

24
Q

The abdominopelvic cavity extends from the _____

A

Diaphragm to the groin

25
Q

How is the abdominopelvic cavity divided?

A

Divided into two portions, although no structure separates them.

26
Q

What are the two regions of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

27
Q

In the thoracic and abdominal cavities, What does the serous membrane cover?

A

The viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities, and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen

28
Q

What is serous membrane?

A

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior.

29
Q

What is a mucous membrane?

A

a membrane that lines a body cavity that does open to the exterior.

30
Q

What is a good analogy for serous membrane?

A

Analogy of limp balloon inside a box, with fist thrust into the balloon

31
Q

What are the parts of the serous membrane?

A

The visceral layer, next to the viscera (viscera being equivalent to the fist in the analogy)

The parietal layer, lining the wall of the cavity (wall of the cavity being equivalent to the inside of the box in the analogy)

The cavity, between the two membranes (the inside of the balloon in the analogy)

32
Q

What reduces friction between the visceral and parietal layer, during movement?

A

The serous fluid between them

33
Q

What are the three specific names for membranes?

A

Pleura, Pericardium, and Peritoneum

34
Q

What is pleura?

A

The serous membrane of pleural cavities

35
Q

What makes up pleura?

A

Visceral pleura on surface of lungs

Parietal pleura lines chest wall

Pleural cavity between the two

36
Q

What is pericardium?

A

serous membrane of pericardial cavity

37
Q

What makes up pericardium?

A

Visceral pericardium covers surface of heart

Parietal pericardium lines chest wall

Pericardial cavity between the two

38
Q

What is Peritoneum?

A

serous membrane of abdominal cavity

39
Q

What makes up peritoneum?

A

Visceral peritoneum covers the abdominal viscera

Parietal peritoneum lines abdominal wall

Peritoneal cavity between the two, technically has no organs within it

40
Q

Are lungs in the pleura cavity?

A

no, just the surface of the lungs

41
Q

Is the heart in the pericardium cavity?

A

no, just covers the surface

42
Q

What usually causes the inflammation of the serous membranes?

A

insufficient production of lubricating fluid, which results in organs sticking together when the body moves, instead of sliding freely.

43
Q

What are two examples of inflammation of serous membranes?

A

Pleurisy and peritonitis

44
Q

What is pleurisy?

A

Inflammation of the pleurae

45
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritonea

46
Q

What classifies an organ as retroperitoneal?

A

Being located behind the parietal peritoneum, between it and the posterior abdominal wall.

47
Q

Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, Adrenal glands, and Ureter

48
Q

Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the circulatory system?

A

Aorta and inferior vena cava

49
Q

Which retroperitoneal organs are part of the digestive system?

A
  1. Esophagus,
  2. Pancreas (head neck and body, but not the tail),
  3. Duodenum of the small intestine (but not the first segment)
  4. Ascending and descending colons of the large intestine (but not the transverse colon, sigmoid, or the cecum)
  5. Rectum
50
Q

What is meant by “within” the peritoneal

A

Meaning behind the peritoneal

A&P I (37 decks)

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