Obesity

Question 1

Consequences of Obesity

Answer 1

• High Blood Pressure
• Heart Disease
• Type 2 Diabetes

Question 2

Which BMI are related to a higher relative risk of death?

Answer 2

Starting from BMI 30, actually being underweight bears a greater risk than being overweight.

Question 3

What are the financial costs associated with obesity?

Answer 3

In Australia: $21 billion in 2005

Question 4

Weight bias in education: name three impacts

Answer 4

1. less likely to be accepted to university
2. receive less family support to attend university
3. experience teaseing and social isolation

Question 5

Weight bias in employment.: Name 4 Factors

Answer 5

1. Hiring
2. Wages
3. Promotion
4. Termination

Question 6

Consequences of Weight Stigma

Answer 6

–> Psychological Consequences:

1. Depression
2. Low Self-Esteem
3. Body Dissatisfaction
   - > obese people actually go less to the dotor due to fear of stigmatization

–> Behavioural Consequences

1. Eating Disordered Behaviour
2. Lack of Motivation to Diet
3. Avoidance of Exercise

–> Health Consequences:

1. Blood Pressure
2. Cardiovascular disease (also shown as consequence of Race Discrimination)

Question 7

The Stress of Obesity Stigma

Answer 7

Indirect Pathway: Engaging in Unhealty Eating Behavioru

Direct Pathway: Stress

Question 8

How does the Stress Hormone Cortisole relate to Obesity?

Answer 8

The Obesity Stigma increases the level of Stress Hormones. The main Stess Hormone is Cortisol, which:

1. increases Energy Intake
2. Increases Abdominal Obesity

Question 9

Name three biological factors of Obesity

Answer 9

• Genetics ( Heritability from .6 - .85)
• Set-point Theory
• Metabolism

Question 10

Name two environmental influences when it comes to Obesity

Answer 10

1. Portion Sizes
2. Availability / Effort

Question 11

Explain the Bottomless Bowl Experiment (2-3 Sentences)

Answer 11

Two groups, one with a normal bowl of soup, the other group had a bowl that was constantly refilling without their knowledge.

The results show, that they both thought they eat exactly the same amount! so they didn’t had the feeling that they overate!!!
this data says, that they were not aware that they were overeating.

Suggest we rely on external cues to estimate how much we ate andn ot on internal ones!

Question 12

Portion Size in Children

Answer 12

In 3yrs old there is no portion effect, but in 6yrs old there is. So something happening in between and u switch from relying on internal cues to external cues.

Question 13

Obesity and Effort:

How does the effort relate to the food intake?

Answer 13

Experiment of Nuts with and without shells:

• in normal weight adults: no difference
• overweight: in comparison less intake when shells, more intake when there are no shells!

ACCESS MATTERS!

Question 14

What Influences the amount eaten by obese people?

Answer 14

• restraint eaters
• portion size
• availability (given 1 vs. 3 sandwiches)
• effort (nuts w vs. w/o shell)
• proximity and visibility
• social influence

Question 15

In which ways can social influence influence the eating behaviour?

Answer 15

1. Social Facilitation
   * The more people, the more u eat. With four people u eat 50% more. Probably due to the fact, that u sit longer at the table , more available*
2. Modelling
   * VP Partner instructed to eat a large amoung vs. only little (low vs. high norm), influences eating behaviour, even if food-deprived.*

When asked, people are not aware and name mostly the taste followed by hunger.

Question 16

How can the perception of your own level of activity influence your acitivy level?

Answer 16

When people are told, that they actually have a quite high level of activity during their work, they perceived to do a higher amount of exercise than before. Influence:

• -> without doing some ething different their body weight dropped!!!
• -> there blood pressure dropped!!!