Human Reproduction Flashcards
Genitals
Reproductive organs
Organs of gamete production
Gonads Testes in males Ovaries in females
Parts of the male reproductive system
Two testes Ducts that carry sperm Accessory glands to make semen The penis
Ducts that carry sperm in the male
Epididymis Vas deferens (sperm duct) Ejaculatory duct Urethra
Accessory glands that help make semen
Seminal vesicles Cowper’s/bulbourethral glands Prostate gland
External genitals in males
Scrotum Penis
Internal structure of the penis
Three columns of cavernous tissue -side columns are the corpora cavernosa -column on middle underside is corpus spongiosum Bound together by fibrous connective tissue Blood vessels and some skeletal muscle Covered with skin Urethra runs through corpus spongiosum
Function of the scrotum
A sac of skin holding the testes outside the body 1-2°C below abdominal temperature optimum for sperm production
Functions of the testes
Produce sperm cells (male gametes) Produce testosterone
Control of testes function
Lutenising hormone (LH) - testosterone production Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - sperm production Both produced by pituitary
Structure of a testis
-Highly coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules -Germinal epithelium of tubes gives rise to sperm cells by spermatogenesis -Sertoli cells provide nutrients for developing sperm -Interstitial cells (Leydig cells) between tubules produce testosterone
Forceful emission of sperm from the penis
Ejaculation
Parts of the female reproductive system
Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus and cervix Vagina Vulva Mammary glands
Parts of the ovaries
A vascular medulla Blood vessels enter the hilum of ovary Ovarian follicles at various stages of development moving towards the surface: -primary follicles -secondary follicles -Graafian follicles -corpus luteum -corpus lutea
