Diversity Of Reproductive Strategies Flashcards

0
Q

Fertilisation inside the organisms body

A

Internal fertilisation

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1
Q

Fertilisation outside the organism’s body

A

External fertilisation

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2
Q

Type of fertilisation mainly occurring in aquatic environments

A

External fertilisation

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3
Q

Hermaphrodite organism

A

Having both male and female sex organs

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4
Q

Inseminated

A

Semen is deposited in the female body parts

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5
Q

Advantages of internal fertilisation

A
  • Increased protection of sperm and eggs
  • prevents waste of gametes
  • specific mate selection (cf. sexual selection in evolution section )
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6
Q

Oviparous

A
  • Eggs laid outside parents body
  • protection by gelatinous mass or shell and membranes
  • embryo develops inside egg -egg yolk feeds embryo -offspring hatches
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7
Q

Ovoviviparous

A
  • Eggs kept inside parents body
  • protection by soft shell and membranes
  • embryo develops inside egg
  • egg yolk feeds embryo
  • offspring hatches inside body
  • live young born from parent
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8
Q

Viviparous

A
  • Eggs kept inside body
  • protected by uterus and membranes
  • embryo develops inside uterus
  • mother feeds embryo through placenta and umbilical cord
  • pregnancy followed by birth of offspring
  • parental care follows e.g. Suckling
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9
Q

Amniotic eggs

A
  • eggs that have a membrane called the amnion
  • surrounds developing embryo of fertilised eggs
  • found in reptiles, birds and mammals
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10
Q

Function of yolk sac in amniotic egg

A

Source of vitamins, minerals and fats for embryo

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11
Q

Function of chalaza in chicken egg

A
  • Holds yolk and embryo in place
  • Absorbs shock
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12
Q

The germinal disc in a bird egg

A

Small spot on the surface of the yolk from which the embryo develops

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13
Q

Chorion membrane

A

Encloses and protects the yolk sac and developing embryo

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14
Q

Function of air chamber in bird egg

A
  • Helps with gaseous exchange
  • protects against shock
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15
Q

Major source of protein for developing young in bird egg

A

Albumen (‘egg white’)

16
Q

Precocial development

A
  • Eggs often contain more yolk
  • Born/hatched with eyes open
  • Covered with fur/down
  • Mobile in less than two days
  • Follow parents, learning how to feed E.g. Ducks, buck
17
Q

Altricial development

A
  • Eggs contain less yolk
  • Young hatch/born with eyes closed
  • Little or no down/fur
  • Unable to leave nest until independent
  • Fed by parents until independent
  • E.g. Pigeons, rodents
18
Q

Parental care

A
  • Parents caring for eggs or juveniles to ensure survival
  • general decrease in energy used to produce vast numbers of offspring as parental care increases
19
Q
A