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MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert > Chapter 21 Review sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Review sheet Flashcards

1
Q

Absolutism

A

Absolutism is the idea of:

COMPLETE & UNRESTRICTED power of the government (king or queen).

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2
Q

Divine Right

A

Divine Right is the idea that:
GOD CREATED the monarch (King or Queen) to be GOD’s REPRESENTATIVE on Earth. The monarch only has to answer to GOD.

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3
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

The Edict of Nantes was a document of RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE towards the Huguenots signed by KING HENRY

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4
Q

Intendants

A

Intendants are GOVERNMENT AGENTS of the FRENCH government who collected taxes and administered justice

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5
Q

Huguenots

A

The Huguenots are French Protestants (non-Catholics that follow the teachings of Martin Luther).

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6
Q

Thirty Years War

A

The 30 years war was a conflict over RELIGION and TERRITORY. Power for the European ruling families

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7
Q

Seven Years War

A

The Seven Years War was a conflict between the major Europe, North America and India.

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8
Q

Junkers

A

The Junkers were LAND OWNING NOBILITY that resisted the King’s power in PRUSSIA. **Given right to be officers in King Fredrick’s army. **

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9
Q

Boyar

A

The Boyars were Russia’s LAND OWNING NOBLES, Forced to live in St. Petersburg

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10
Q

Czar

A

Czar means “Caesar” - A Czar is a RUSSIAN RULER.

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11
Q

Westernization

A

Using WESTERN EUROPE as a MODEL FOR CHANGE both MILITARILY and COMMERCIALLY.

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12
Q

Charles V

A

controlled Spain, Spanish American Colonies, Austria, Netherlands

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13
Q

Philip II

A

SON of Charles V, built up Armada, fought against Great Britain

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14
Q

Elizabeth I

A

The QUEEN OF ENGLAND (1580s) and a PROTESTANT. Defeated Armada

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15
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A

Pirate, stole from spanish ships, knighted by Queen Elizabeth.

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16
Q

Miguel Cervantes

A

AUTHOR of DON QUIXOTE, mocking chivalry, materalism

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17
Q

Rembrandt

A

GREAT DUTCH ARTIST in the 1600s using SHARP LIGHT and SHADOW CONTRASTS.
Night Watch is a famous portrait

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18
Q

Catherine de Medici

A

Widow of King Henry II. After Henry II’s death, she was the REAL LEADER of FRANCE when her son’s were king.

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19
Q

Henry IV

A

He was 1st king of BOURBON DYNASTY. Descended from Louis IX.
****CONVERTED to Catholicism & signed EDICT OF NANTES **

20
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

Louis XIII’s minister; actual ruler

21
Q

Louis XIV

A

Sun King; helped France attain economic / political / cultural brilliance

22
Q

Cardinal Mazarin

A

Cardinal Mazarin is credited with ENDING THE 30 YEAR WAR. Louis XIV’s

23
Q

Jean Baptiste Colbert

A

Louis XVI’s minister of finance = responsible for debt.

24
Q

Gustavus Aldophus

A

Swedish leader who drove Hapsburg armies out of North Germany

25
Q

Charles VI

A

Hapsburg’s ruler; no male heirs

26
Q

Maria Theresa

A

Daughter of Charles VI; ruler of Austria

27
Q

Fredrick the Great

A

Ruler of Prussia; encouraged religious tolerance and legal reform

28
Q

Ivan the Terrible

A

First official “czar”

29
Q

Peter the Great

A

One of Russia’s greatest reformers; increased czar’s power…

30
Q

The extent of Spain’s European and Overseas Empire in the 1500s.

A

Spain had a HUGE OVERSEAS EMPIRE under Charles V - colonized much territory (New World) with help of Cortes and conquistadors.
Rich. Gained Portugal territory

31
Q

Philip II’s rivalry with England and the launching of the Armada.

A

Phillip II HATED ENGLAND
1) Queen Elizabeth refused his proposal.
2) England was Protestant. Philip II (Spain) was Catholic.
3) Queen Elizabeth praised pirates for pillaging Phillips ships.
Phillip II built HUGE NAVY
1) 130 ships/27,000 men
2) Ships had priests to convert prisoners to Catholicism.
ATTACKED England - LOST!

32
Q

Spain’s GOLDEN AGE of Art and Literature

A

Spain had great wealth in the GOLDEN AGE. Rich monarchs & nobles became patrons of the arts.

  • **El Greco was a famous artist and painted Catholic Images
  • *Velazquez painted wealthy families.
  • **Rembrandt painted with shadows & light
  • **Cervantes wrote DON QUIXOTE
33
Q

Role of inflation, taxes, enemies and the and the Dutch in the decline of Spain

A
  • *Spain was so wealthy that money lost it’s value.
  • *Spain expelled Jews and Muslims and eliminated many of the good tax payers (eliminating income for state).
  • *Spain’s enemies got rich because citizens bought goods from France, England & Dutch to get better prices.
  • *Dutch Calvinists left and declared independence.
  • *Spain went broke fighting too many wars.
34
Q

Importance of the Dutch East India Co. to their economic success.

A
  • *The Dutch East India Company bought goods for low $$ and sold them in needy areas for high $$.
  • *They had the largest fleet of ships in the world.
  • *Controlled by Dutch Government
  • *Gradually Dutch controlled Italians as the bankers of Europe.
35
Q

Religious turmoil in France between Catholics and Huguenots

A

v

36
Q

Henry IV and his conversion to Catholicism

A

He reportedly declared “Paris is well worth a mass”

37
Q

Importance of the Edict of Nantes

A

Declaration of religious tolerance by Henry I

38
Q

Cardinal Richelieu and his actions to increase royal authority.

A

First, he moved against the Huguenots; Second he sought to weaken the nobles’ power

39
Q

Louis XIV and absolutism “I am the State”

A

In Louis’s view, he and the state were on of the same.

40
Q

Louis revoking the Edict of Nantes

A

In response thousands of Huguenots fled the country; tis robed France of many skilled workers

41
Q

The palace of Versailles and court life of Louis and his nobles

A

?

42
Q

Mistakes / negative effects of Louis’ rule over France

A

Bad tax system, constant warfare, construction of the palace of Versailles (lots of debt). resentment over the tax burden, Louis’ abuse of power would plague his heirs

43
Q

Causes phases and results of the 30 years war

A

30 years war was a conflict over religion/territory and for power among European ruling families. The phases were the success and defeats of Hapsburg. the result was the agreement “Treaty of Westphalia”

44
Q

Consequences of the Treaty of Westphalia

A
  1. Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria
  2. Strengthened France by awarding it German Territory
  3. Made German princes dependent of the Holy Roman Empire
  4. ended religious wars in Europe
  5. introduced a new method of peace negotiation whereby all participants meet to settle the problems of a war and decide the terms of peace
45
Q

Rivalry between Austria and Prussia over Silesia.

A

?

46
Q

Winners and losers of the 7 years war

A

The winners were the British who gained French North American colonies and gained sole control of India.

MWHS Modern World History 11 Heibert (14 decks)

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