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PPO > Functional Vision Entrance Tests > Flashcards

Functional Vision Entrance Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What can children recieve if there is a failure to properly diagnose and treat binocular problems?

A

amblyopia

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2
Q

What do we look for in vision screenings that are the most common risk factors for amblyopia?

A

strabismus and anisometropia

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3
Q

what is anisometropia

A

a difference in refractive error btwn 2 eyes

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4
Q

what are the 2 categories that binocular vision problems fall under?

A
  1. problems where binocular vision is maintained but is stressful and uncomfortable 2. binocular is absent (tropias or strabismus) and can lead to amblyopia
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5
Q

what is the definition of binocular

A

the use of both eyes simultaneously in such a manner that each retinal image contributes to the final perception

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6
Q

what is functional vision

A

the ability to focus and coordinate the two eyes comfortably for visual tasks (esp at near). accomadtive and binocular skills

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7
Q

what is fusion

A

the act of blending of uniting 2 elements

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8
Q

what are 2 types of fusion

A

sensory and motor

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9
Q

what is sensory fusion

A

the ability to combine sensory info from each eye into a single image

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10
Q

what are 2 sensory fusion tests

A

worth 4 dot and stereopsis

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11
Q

what is motor fusion

A

the ability to align the 2 eyes and maintain alignment

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12
Q

what are tests for motor fusion (4)

A

hirschberg, krimsky, brukner, cover test

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13
Q

why are we binocular

A
  1. spare eye
  2. larger field of view
  3. defects in one eye are masked by a normal image in the other eye
  4. some visual perceptions better w/ 2 eyes than 1 (ex. VA)
  5. steropsis
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14
Q

is monocular or binocular perception developed first

A

binocular, by age of 4-6 months

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15
Q

what are monocular cues used for

A

far distances

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16
Q

what are the prerequisites for binocularity

A
  1. 2 eyes function normally and equally
  2. retinal image to od and os agree in size, illuminace, and color (senosry fusion)
  3. eyes can be aligned so the retinal images of a fixed obj can be placed and maintained on the foveas of the 2 eyes (motor fusion)
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17
Q

what is steropsis

A

binocular perception of depth that results from having a slightly diff view from each eye and combined to single image

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18
Q

what does steopsis give us

A

fine motor coordination, better manipulative skills, better perception of 3D space

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19
Q

what is local sign

A

a characteristic of the sensory system that tells us where things are located in space relative to one another and to ourslves.

  • innate
  • cortical
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20
Q

what is principal visual direction?

A

the local sign of fovea corresponds to straight ahead

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21
Q

what are corresponding points

A

pairs of points, one in each eye, that have the same visual direction, send their nerve impulses to the same point in the same visual cortex and give rise to sensory fusion

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22
Q

pairs of points, one in each eye, that have the same visual direction, send their nerve impulses to the same point in the same visual cortex and give rise to sensory fusion

A

corresponding points

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23
Q

a characteristic of the sensory system that tells us where things are located in space relative to one another and to ourslves.

A

local sign

24
Q

retinal disparity

A

stimulation of non-corresponding points

25
Q

what do large amounts of retinal display result in

A

diplopia

26
Q

what do small amounts of retinal display result in

A

steropsis

27
Q

physiological diplopia

A

normal dipolopia, ocurring in pts w/ normal binocular vision, for nonfixated objs whos images stimulate disparate points on the 2 retinas

28
Q

what are the 4 types of sensory fusion

A
  1. simultaneous
  2. superimposition
  3. flat fusion
  4. steropsis
29
Q

what is simulatneous perception

A

seeing an image w/ each eye at the same time, not really fusion at all

30
Q

what is superimposition

A

seeing 2 images and localizing them in the same place

31
Q

what is flat fusion

A

combining 2 images w/ some similar detail and some non similar detail

32
Q

what is the perception of depth

A

steropsis

33
Q

what does the worth 4 dot test for

A

flat fusion

34
Q

what is it called when a pt sees 4 dots on the worth 4 dot test

A

fusion reponse

35
Q

what is it called when a pt sees 2 red dots

A

suppression response. suppressing the left eye

36
Q

what is it called when a pt sees 3 green dots

A

suppression response. supressing right eye

37
Q

what is it called when a pt sees 5 dots

A

diplopia response

38
Q

the ability to focus and coordinate the two eyes comfortably for visual tasks (esp at near). accomadtive and binocular skills

A

functional vision

39
Q

the use of both eyes simultaneously in such a manner that each retinal image contributes to the final perception

A

binocular

40
Q

what are binocular cues used for

A

close distances

41
Q

waht does local sign tell us about an object that is imaged on the nasal region

A

the object is located temporally

42
Q

what does local sign tell us about an object that is imaged on the temporal retina

A

the object is located nasaly to the eye

43
Q

in order for sensory and motor fusion to occur, where must the image on the right and left retina go

A

to the same place in the visual cortex

44
Q

what instrument tests simultaneous perception and superimposition

A

steroscpe

45
Q

in the worth 4 dot test, if the red dots are to the right of the green dots, the pt has…

A

eso deviation

46
Q

in the worth 4 dot test, if the red dots are to the left of the green dots, the pt has…

A

exo deviation

47
Q

if the red dots are above the green dots the pt has…

A

hyperdeviation

48
Q

if the red dots are below the green dots the pt has…

A

hyper deviation

49
Q

if the pt sees 4 dots, record

A

“Fusion”

50
Q

if the pt sees 2 red dots, record

A

supression os

51
Q

if the pt sees 3 green dots, record

A

suppression od

52
Q

if the pt sees 5 dots, recrod

A

diplopia

53
Q

in diplopia, if the green dots are to the left of the red dots record

A

eso

54
Q

in diplopia, if the green dots are to the right of the red dots record

A

exo

55
Q

in diplopia, if the green dots are on top of the red dots record

A

R hyper

56
Q

in diplopia, the the green dots are below the red dots record

A

L hyper

57
Q

how far away do you hold the worth 4 dot flashlight from pt

A

40 cm

PPO (14 decks)

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