Unit 6 - Key Words Energy Transfers and Sound 1 Flashcards
a measure of the thermal energy in an object usually in degrees Celsius (oC)
temperature
a unit of measurement on the temperature scale
degrees Celsius (oC)
a unit of measurement on the temperature scale - 0 K is the coldest temperature that is thought to exist 0 K = -273 oC. A difference in temperature of 1 oC is also a difference in temperature of 1 K so 0 oC = 273 K and 100 oC = 373 K.
Kelvin (K)
a form of (thermal) energy which flows from a hot to a cooler object
heat
a unit of energy
joule (J)
a diagram where arrows show how energy is transferred from one form to another
energy transfer diagram
a diagram that shows the proportion of energy transferred to other forms – they are often used to represent the useful energy (straight on arrows) and wasted energy (arrows off to the side).
Sankey diagram
a force that pulls masses towards one another
gravity
stored energy that an object has because of its change in height
gravitational potential energy (J)
change in gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) × acceleration due to gravity (N/kg) × change in height (m)
energy that moving objects have
kinetic energy (J)
kinetic energy (J) = ½ × mass (kg) × velocity2 (m/s)2
energy stored when an elastic object is stretched or compressed
elastic potential energy (J)
elastic potential energy (J) = ½ × force (N) × extension (m) – this is true as long as the object isn’t permanently stretched beyond its elastic limit.
energy transferred by a force moving a load
work done (J)
work done (J) = force (N) × distance moved in the direction of the force (m)
energy stored in bonds between atoms which becomes available if atoms are rearranged in a chemical reaction
chemical potential energy
a gas in the air that is produced by plants, used during aerobic respiration and during combustion reactions
oxygen
a reaction of fuels with oxygen that produces heat
combustion
