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National 5 Biology > UNIT 1: (1.3) DNA and the Production Of Proteins > Flashcards

UNIT 1: (1.3) DNA and the Production Of Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Where are chromosomes found ?

A

Nucleus

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2
Q

What do chromosomes contain ?

A

Genetic information which gives rise to an organisms characteristics

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3
Q

What does the information in chromosomes do?

A

This genetic information carries the instructions for building proteins which are essential for life

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4
Q

What chemical are chromosomes made from ?

A

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

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5
Q

What is a gene ?

A

A section of DNA which codes for a protein

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6
Q

What is the structure of DNA ?

A
  • Double stranded molecule

* strands are coiled together in a Double helix

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7
Q

What are the subunits that DNA contains ?

A
  • Adenine (A)
  • Thymine (T)
  • Cytosine (C)
  • Guanine (G)
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8
Q

What is the structure of the bases in DNA ?

A

Bases make up ‘rungs’ of the ladder

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9
Q

What is the complementary base pair rule for DNA bases ?

A
  • Adenine pairs with Thymine ( A - T )

* Cytosine pairs with Guanine ( C - G )

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10
Q

What are examples of proteins and their functions ?

A
  • Muscle proteins for movement

* Hair + nails for protection

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11
Q

What are proteins made up of ?

A

Made up of many subunits called amino acids which are linked together in a long chain

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12
Q

What sequence does each protein have ?

A

Each protein has its own sequence of amino acids

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13
Q

What does the sequence of amino acids determine ?

A

The sequence of amino acids determines the structure and functions of the protein

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14
Q

How many bases is needed for one amino acid ?

A

3 bases codes for 1

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15
Q

What does DNA carry ?

A

The genetic information in DNA carries the information to make proteins

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16
Q

What are the differences between DNA and mRNA ?

A

DNA :
• Double stranded molecule
• found in nucleus

mRNA :
• Single stranded molecule
• found in nucleus
• found in cytoplasm

17
Q

Why is the sequence of bases on DNA important in the production of proteins ?

A

The sequence of bases determines the sequence of the amino acids which determines the shape + function of the protein

18
Q

why does mRNA need DNA?

A

mRNA uses DNA as a template

19
Q

how is DNA passed down?

A

from parent to offspring

20
Q

what is mRNA?

A

a single-stranded molecule which carries a complimentary copy of the genetic code from the DNA
in the nucleus to a ribosome

National 5 Biology (20 decks)

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