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MIDW1002: Scientific Underpinnings of Midwifery Care > The Heart and Fetal Circulation > Flashcards

The Heart and Fetal Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

How many chambers does the heart have ?

A

4

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2
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

2x atria

2x ventricles

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3
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

They pump blood out of the heart

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4
Q

What do the atria do?

A

The atria collect the blood

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5
Q

What is the job of the valves?

A

The valves purpose is to prevent blood from flowing backwards

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6
Q

What is the job of the septum?

A

Separates the two sides of the heart

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7
Q

What does the right side of the heart do?

A

It pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen

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8
Q

The left side of the heart pumps…

A

Oxygenated blood from the lungs around the rest of the body

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9
Q

Name the three types of blood vessel

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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10
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from the heart

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11
Q

Name 3 factors about arteries

A
  • have thick muscular walls
  • carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
  • contain blood under high pressure
  • has small passageways for blood
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12
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

Towards the heart (always de-oxygenated)

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13
Q

Which is the artery that doesn’t carry oxygenated blood? And why?

A

Pulmonary artery and because it’s come from the lungs and the oxygen has been expelled there

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14
Q

Which is the vein that doesn’t carry de-oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary vein - it carries oxygenated blood and goes from the lungs to the heart

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15
Q

Name 4 factors of veins

A
  • Carries blood to the heart
  • Has thin walls
  • Has larger internal lumen
  • Contains blood under low pressure
  • Has valves to prevent blood flowing backwards
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16
Q

The role of the heart is to..

A

Pump blood around the body

17
Q

Vessels and blood are what system?

A

The distribution system

18
Q

Name the sac surrounding the heart

A

Pericardium

19
Q

What is the middle layer of muscle which is really thick?

A

Myocardium

20
Q

What is the myocardium muscle cells called?

A

Myocytes

21
Q

What do Myocytes contain?

A
  • Bundles of myofibrils specialised to contract and conduct electrical impulses between cells
22
Q

Name 3 factors regarding the endocardium

A
  • Inner most layer
  • Lines the heart
  • Uses valves and chambers
23
Q

Name the 3 aspects of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. Atrial systole
  2. Ventricular systole
  3. Whole cardiac systole
24
Q

The heart receives blood from 3 veins, name them

A
  1. Superior vena cava
  2. Inferior vena cava
  3. The coronary sinus
25
Q

Where does the superior vena cava drain blood from?

A

Upper parts of the body

26
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava drain blood from?

A

Lower parts of the body

27
Q

Name the three layers of tissue in the arteries

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica adventitia
28
Q

Name the 3 arteries that supply the heart with blood

A
  1. Left anterior descending
  2. Right coronary arteries
  3. Circumflex
29
Q

What do the arteries do which is extremely clever for the heart

A

They divide into smaller branches and form a web surrounding the heart. This is clever as if one artery gets blocked, others can still supply the heart

30
Q

What are venules?

A

Small veins connecting to the capillary bed

31
Q

Name 4 factors regarding veins

A
  • Thin walls which have less muscle
  • Less elastic tissue
  • Low pressure
  • Large lumen
32
Q

What do veins over 2mm have?

A

Valves

33
Q

Name 5 functions of capillaries

A
  • Facilitates exchange of gases, fluids and nutrients through the tissue walls
  • Waste and carbon dioxide also removed from tissues
  • Blood pressure is low to enable exchange
  • Capillaries are founds in large numbers in the liver, lungs and kidneys
  • Pre capillary sphincters regulate blood flow
34
Q

What is the cardiac output controlled by?

A

The autonomic nervous system

35
Q

Name 10 pregnancy related adaptations regarding the heart

A
  • Heart pushes upwards and forwards
  • Increases in size
  • From 8-22 weeks, there is a steady 30/50% increase in blood volume
  • Vasodilation of the blood vessels occurs
  • Increase is cardiac output by 30/50%
  • Supine (laying back) position reduces cardiac output
  • Heart rate increases by 10-20 bpm
  • Blood plasma volume increases by 50%
  • Stroke volume increases
  • Increase in cardiac output due to increase in stroke volume
  • Number of red blood cells increases by 18%
  • Plasma volume increases gradually by 1st trimester and then greater in the 2nd

MIDW1002: Scientific Underpinnings of Midwifery Care (26 decks)

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