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microbiology > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acellular (non living) obligate intracellular parasites

A

viruses

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2
Q

possess either DNA or RNA
can’t multiply on its own; can only multiply within a metabolizing host cell
unable to produce energy
depend on host cell for protein and nucleic acid production

A

char. of viruses

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3
Q

what is different about viruses in DNA and RNA

A

could be single or double stranded

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4
Q

central core of nucleic acid
capsid (protein coat for protection)
envelope
tail, sheath and tail fibers

A

structure of viruses

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5
Q

how does a virus get an envelope

A

made up of host cell’s membranes

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6
Q 
RNA or DNA
shape and size
envelope
type of host
disease
A

classification of viruses

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7
Q

viruses that infect bacteria

A

bacteriophages

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8
Q

lytic cycle of a virulent phage

A 
attachment
penetration
biosynthesis
assembly
release
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9
Q

multiplication

A

virulent

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10
Q

multiplication process of an animal virus

A 
attachment
penetration
uncoating
biosynthesus
assembly
release- by lysis or budding
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11
Q

virus is in cell but doesn’t multiply until triggered

A

latent virus infections

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12
Q

2 ex of latent virus infection

A

herpes virus

chickenpox and shingles

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13
Q

can antibiotics help a patient with a viral infection

A

no; only helps w bacteria; antivirals interfere with virus-specifc enzymes and virus production

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14
Q

3 ways viruses can be cultured/grown

A

cell cultures
embryonate chicken eggs
living animals

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15
Q

short naked pieces of RNA that cause some plant diseases

A

viroids

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16
Q

small infectious proteins that cause fatal neurological animal diseases

A

prions

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17
Q

diseases caused by prions

A

scrapie
mad cow disease
creutzfelt-jakob disease
kuru

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18
Q

spread through sheeps and goats

A

scrapie

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19
Q

spread through cow; Britain has the worst

A

mad cow disease

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20
Q

spread through human

A

creutfelt jakob

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21
Q

spread through eating humans

A

kuru

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22
Q

microbiologist bible

A

bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology

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23
Q

how many species of bacteria are listed in bergeys

A

over 5,000

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24
Q

of the # of species in the book how many are human pathogens

A

less than 10%

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25
Q

how does bergeys divide bacteria

A

gram +
gram -
no cell wall

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26
Q

3 basic bacterial shapes

A

coccus - circular
bacillus- rodshaped
spirillum- spiral

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27
Q

6 arrangements

A 
single
pairs
packets of 4
packets of 8
chains
clusters
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28
Q

what does diplo mean

A

2

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29
Q

what does strepto mean

A

twisted chain

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30
Q

what does staph mean

A

NOT SURE ASK

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31
Q

why is heat fixed important

A

kills mo

sticks mo to slide

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32
Q

3 staining techniques

A

simple stain
structural stain
differential stain

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33
Q

dye is applied to smear for a time, rinsed off and blotted dry; can see cell morphology

A

simple stain

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34
Q

special stains used to see capsules, spores, and flagella

A

structural staining

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35
Q

gram stain and acid fast stain

A

differential staining

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36
Q

smallest of cellular microbes that don’t have cell walls and no distinct shape; some are pathogenic

A

mycoplasms

37
Q

photosynthetic and aquatic

A

algae

38
Q

algae that can cause medical problems in humans

A

dinoflagellates

39
Q

causes red tides which produce neurotoxins
mollusks eat dinoflagellates
people eat mollusks and get neurotoxin
cause severe illness

A

dinoflagellates causing disease

40
Q

what disease does dinoflagellates cause

A

paralytic shellfish poisoning

41
Q

unicellular
some are parasites
can be pathogens and beneficial

A

protozoa

42
Q

4 groups of protozoas

A

amebas
flagellates
ciliates
sporozoa

43
Q

how are protozoa grouped

A

based on locomotion

44
Q

entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery)

A

amebas

45
Q

trypanosoma spp, trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia

A

flagellates

46
Q

balantidium coli

A

ciliates

47
Q

plasmodium, cryptosporidium, toxoplasma gondii (nonmotile)

A

sporozoa

48
Q

some are saprophytic and some parasitic (on and in animals and plants)

A

fungi

49
Q

normally harmless until host is vulnerable

A

fungi is opportunistic

50
Q

generally plants, fungi, or micro-organisms that live on dead or decomposing matter

A

saprophytic

51
Q

3 types of fungi described in class

A

yeasts
molds
fleshy fungi

52
Q

ex of yeasts

A

saccharomyces cerevisiae

53
Q

ex of molds

A

penicillium and cephalosporium

54
Q

ex of fleshy fungi

A

mushrooms

55
Q

what is the name of fungal infection of humans

A

mycoses

56
Q

ex dermatophytes- tinea (ringworm) infections

candida albicans- thrush, vaginitis

A

superficial and cutaneous

57
Q

more severe

A

subcutaneous and systemic

58
Q

ex. inhaling spores from dried bird or bat feces- respiratory infections

A

subcutaneous and systemic

59
Q

official name for ringworm infections

A

tinea infections

60
Q

combo of alga and fungus living together and appear to be one organisms; mutualism

A

lichens

61
Q

official name for worms

A

helminths

62
Q

2 groups of helminths

A

flatworms

roundworms

63
Q

types of flatworms

A

flukes

tapeworms

64
Q

pork roundworm, pinworms, hookworms, elephantiasis worm

A

round worms

65
Q

3 bacterial structures that need special structural staining techniques

A

capsules
spores
flagella

66
Q

2 differential staining

A

gram - stain

acid fast stain

67
Q

four steps of gram staining

A

crystal violet
iodine
alcohol
safranin

68
Q

gram positive

A

purple

69
Q

gram negative

A

pink

70
Q

3 steps of acid fast stain

A

carbol fuchsin w heat
decolorizer
methylene

71
Q

acid fast positive

A

pink

72
Q

non acid fast negative

A

blue

73
Q

very important in IDing bacteria

A

gram stain

74
Q

important to ID mycobacterium

A

acid fast stain

75
Q

mound of many cells originating from 1 cell; is a pure culture

A

colony

76
Q

require lots of o2

A

obligate aerobes

77
Q

grow best w lower levels of o2

A

microaerophiles

78
Q

can grow w or w out o2

A

faculative anaerobes

79
Q

grows best without o2 but can tolerate o2

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

80
Q

can only grow without o2

A

obligate anaerobes

81
Q

6 elements all bacteria need

A

c h o s p n

82
Q

how can the genetic composition be used

A

analyze dna and/or rna
compare results w knowns
can help w ID and/or relatedness

83
Q

obligate intracellular parasites; pathogens

A

rickettsias and chlamydias

84
Q

diseases via arthropod (lice fleas ticks) vectors

A

rickettsias

85
Q

energy parasites; transferred via inhalation or direct contact (STD, pneumonia, eye disease

A

chlamydia

86
Q

smallest of cellular microbes; no cell walls and no distinct shape

A

mycoplasmas

87
Q

some are pathogenic

A

mycoplasmas

88
Q

how can we detect motility

A

hanging drop slide

microbiology (17 decks)

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