test 1 Flashcards
study of MO’s/microbes
microbiology
5 types of MOs
viruses bacteria algae protoza fungi
beneficial indigenous microbiota photosynthesize decomposers recycle elements (c, n, s) in nature starter of food chains digestion in animals industrial use
why micro is important
those MOs that cause disease
pathogens
2 categories of microbiologically caused diseases
infectious disease
microbial intoxication
pathogen colonizes body and causes disease
infectious disease
person ingests toxin from a MO
microbial intoxication ex. food poisoning
1 person to see live bacteria and protozoa with microscope and report it
anton van leeuwenhoek
discovered milkmaids w/ cowpox- no smallpox; 1st vaccine
edward jenner
disproved theory of spontaneous generation (life arising from non-living)
louis pasteur
destroyed MOs in wine that causes it to spoil; only kills pathogens;
pasteurization
contributed to germ theory of disease and came up w vaccines for animals too
pasteur
significant contributions to germ theory of disease; lab techniques; discovered bacteria of TB and cholera
robert koch
discovered use of dilute carbolic acid/phenol (antiseptic) during surgery
joseph lister
1st use of aseptic techniques; steam sterilization of instruments
lister
discovered 1st antibiotic- penicillin
alexander fleming
micrometer
1 million/m= um
nanometer
1 billion/m=nm
lenses to manipulate light beam
compound light microscopes
electromagnets to manipulate electron beam
electron microscopes
2 magnifying lens
ocular X10
objective
oil immersion
x100
fx of oil immersion
more detailed and clearer image seen
how to calculate total mag
ocular X objective (max mag. 1,000)
ability of the lens system to distinguish between 2 adjacent objects
resolving power/ resolution
how does oil immersion microscope work
drop of oil placed between specimen and objective to reduce scattering light rays away from lens
what is the importance of resolving power/resolution
magnification is useless without it
primarily fx of optical qualities of lenses
3 types of compound microscopes
brightfield
darkfield
fluorescence
bright background
brgithfield
dark background and bright MOs
see thin things
darkfield
UV light source
stain specimen w/ type of dye and they glow
used in immunology labs with antibodies
fluorescence
a bacterium that can be seen with a dark field microscope
treponema pallidum (causes syphilis)
beam passes through specimen
shows internal structure of cells
up to 1 million X magnify
can see viruses
transmission EM
beam passes over specimens surface
3D view
10,000 x magnify
scanning EM