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Bacteriology Practice Questions > Test 1 Cutaneous Mycosis- DermatoPHYtosis > Flashcards

Test 1 Cutaneous Mycosis- DermatoPHYtosis Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatophytosis is also known as

A

Ringworm

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2
Q

Dermatophytosis is a form of _______ mycosis

A

Cutaneous mycosis

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3
Q

T/F

Dermatophytosis is zoonotic

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is Dermatomycosis?

A

A cutaneous infection

caused by yeasts and saprophytic filamentous fungi

that resembles

dermatophytosis

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5
Q

What type of dermatophytes are known as human reservoirs?

A

**Anthropophilic **dermatophytes

=

human reservoir

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6
Q

What type of dermatophytes are known as

animal reservoirs?

A

**Zoophilic **dermatophytes

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7
Q

What type of dermatophytes are known as

soil reservoirs?

A

**Geophilic **dermatophytes

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8
Q

What is the only category of dermatophytes that includes the genus Epidermophyton?

A

**Anthropophilic **dermatophytes

include

Epidermophyton floccosum

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9
Q

What are the 7 types of fungi

classified as

Anthropophilic Dermatophytes?

A
  1. Epidermophyton floccosum
  2. Trichophyton rubrum
  3. T. tonsurans
  4. T. schoenleinii
  5. T. violaceum
  6. Microsporum audouinii
  7. Microsporum megninii
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10
Q

What are the 6 fungi classified as

Zoophilic Dermatophytes?

A
  1. Microsporum canis
  2. M. equinum
  3. M. gallinae
  4. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
  5. T. simii
  6. T. verrucosum
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11
Q

Geophilic dermatophytes

*only include *members of what

fungal family?

A

Geophilic dermatophytes

only include

Microsporum

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12
Q

What are the 5 fungi

classified as

Geophilic Dermatophytes?

A
  1. M. gypseum
  2. M. nanum
  3. M. persicolor
  4. M. vanbrueseghemii
  5. M. cookei
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13
Q

The most common dermatophyte found in

catteries

belong to which group?

A

Zoophilic Dermatophytes

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14
Q

What category of dermatophytes:

cause recurrent ringworm infections

is common of young animals kept in close proximity

include hot, humid conditions, trauma, and poor nutrition as predisposing factors

and

the *conidial survival *depends on moisture?

A

Zoophilic Dermatophytes

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15
Q

T/F

Zoophilic dermatophyte spores are

heat resistent

A

FALSE

Geophilic Dermatophyte Spores

are heat resistent

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16
Q

Infections by ________ dermatophytes

are sporadic

and

not readily transmitted between animals

A

Geophilic dermatophytes

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17
Q

Infection by Geophilic dermatophytes

typically occurs during what season?

A

Geophilic dermatophyte infections

occur during

AUTUMN

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18
Q

What is the most common dermatophyte of domestic species?

A

M. canis

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19
Q

Genus microsporum

typically attack

what part of an animal’s body?

A

Microsporum attack

*hair *and skin

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20
Q

Large, rough, thick-walled macroconidia

that are multiseptate

are characteristic of

what genus of fungi?

A

Genus Microsporum

have large, rough, thick-walled multiseptate macroconidia

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21
Q

Visually, how do the **macroconidia **of genus Microsporum differ from genus Trichophyton?

A

The macroconidia

of Microsporum are fusiform to obovate

where as

Trichophyton are cylindrical, cigar-shaped

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22
Q

What are the 4 most common species of genus Microsporum?

A
  • M. canis*
  • M. gallinae*
  • M. gypseum*
  • M. nanum*
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23
Q

What are the 3 most common species of Genus Trichophyton?

A
  • T. mentagrophytes*
  • T. equinum*
  • T. verrucosum*
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24
Q

Which genus has smooth, thin-walled macroconidia?

A

Trichophyton

has smooth, thin-walled macroconidia

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25
Q

In which genus are the macroconidia

produced in small numbers

and thus rarely seen?

A

Genus Trichophyton

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26
Q

Both Microsporum and Trichophyton attack

A

hair, skin, nails, and claws

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27
Q

Infections caused by _________ spp. are usually more severe because more inflammation is associated with it

A

**Trichophyton spp. **infections are **more severe **than Microsporum

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28
Q

The circular lesions in Canine Ringworm are up to ____ cm in diameter

A

2.5 cm lesions in canine ringworm

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29
Q

Canine ringworm is most commonly found on what 3 parts of a dog’s body?

A

Face

Elbows

Paws

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30
Q

Canine ringworm is most commonly caused by

which 4 species of dermatophytes?

A
  • M. canis*
  • M. gypseum*
  • T. erinacei*
  • T. mentagrophytes*
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31
Q

Which species of dermatophyte that commonly causes

Canine Ringworm

is responsible for

Kerion?

A

T. mentagrophytes

responsible for kerion in canine ringworm

32
Q

What is kerion?

A

Intense inflammation, ulceration, and prululent exudation

commonly caused by

T. mentagrophytes

in Canine Ringworm infections

33
Q

Dogs that compulsively bury objects in soil

are most likely to be affected by which species of dermatophytes

causing canine ringworm?

A

M. gypseum

seen in compulsive burying

34
Q

Dogs that are good rat catchers are more commonly afflicted by

canine ringworm caused by ___________?

A

T. mentagrophytes

35
Q

Kerion more commonly affects dogs that exhibit what type of behavior?

A

Dogs that are good rat catchers are more likely to get kerion

36
Q

Dogs that are avid hedgehog worriers are more likely to be afflicted by what canine ringworm causing dermatophyte?

A

T. erinacei

37
Q

CATS serve as the primary reservoir for

A

m. canis

38
Q

Ringworm in which animal is

often asymptomatic

which poses a risk to public health?

A

Cats

39
Q

Feline otitis is caused by which dermatophyte?

A

m. canis

40
Q

T/F

It is rare for cows to get ringworm

A

FALSE

bovine ringworm is COMMON

41
Q

The incidence of bovine ringworm

is higher during what season?

A

Winter

42
Q

Most bovine ringworm infections are caused by which dermatophyte?

A

T. verrucosum

43
Q

Large circumscribed plaques and secondary bacterial infection are clinical signs of ringworm in which species of animal?

A

Cows

44
Q

What breeds of pigs are most susceptible to porcine ringworm?

A

Large breed pigs

are more susceptible

45
Q

Microsporum nanum causes most ringworm infections in which species of animal?

A

Pigs

M. nanum is the most likely cause of porcine ringworm

46
Q

What are the 4 species of dermatophytes known to cause porcine ringworm?

A

m. nanum

  • m. gypseum*
  • m. canis*
  • t. mentagrophytes*
47
Q

In which species of animal is alopecia NOT a clinical sign of ringworm infection?

A

Pigs

usually have no loss of hair in porcine ringworm infections

48
Q

Equine ringworm is most commonly caused by which 2 species of dermatophytes?

A
  • T. equinum*
  • M. gypseum*
49
Q

In which species of animal would you observe the following clinica signs of ringworm infection?

Matted Hair

**Moth-eaten appearance **caused by enlarged lesions

A

Horses

50
Q

In which species of animal do ringworm infections

often become **chronic and subclinical **and also

recur under stress?

A

Horses

51
Q

Poultry ringworm is caused by

A

m. gallinae

52
Q

Favus is another name for ringworm infection in which species of animal?

A

Poultry/Birds

get Favus/ White comb

53
Q

Why is poultry ringworm called “white comb”?

A

Because the white lesions caused by m. gallinae in the combs of male birds can coalesce cover the entire comb with thick white coating

54
Q

Dermatophytes in general do NOT invade or survive in

these 2 types of cells/areas.

A

Dermatophytes will not invade or survive in

living cells

or

areas of intense inflammation

55
Q

Fungal virulence factors include these 3 enzymes

A

Fungal Proteases

Fungal Keratinases

Fungal Elastases

56
Q

Which fungal virulence factor

weakens the hair shaft and results in breakage?

A

Proteases

57
Q

Which fungal virulence factor is

directly related to the clinical severity of M. canis infections?

A

Keratinases

58
Q

Inflammation is associated with this fungal virulence enzyme

A

Elastases

cause inflammation

59
Q

What is the major infective form of dermatophytes?

A

SPORES

60
Q

Infection of dermatophytes can be caused by

direct contact or

exposure to _________

in the environment or on fomites

A

arthroconidia

in the environment or on fomites

61
Q

What are the 2 major classes of fungal antigens and what do they cause in the host?

A

Glycopeptides and Keratinases

**Glycopeptides **stimulate *Cell Mediated *and Humoral Immunity

Keratinases elicit Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity reactions

62
Q

Wood’s Lamp examination of lesions will cause which species of dermatophyte to fluoresce green?

A

m. canis

will fluoresce green

63
Q

In direct microscopic examination using 10-20% KOH,

what finding is NOT considered significant?

A

The presence of macroconidia of transient fungi

is NOT significant

64
Q

A direct microscopic examination is considered positive if

__________ is seen in hair shafts and keratin scales

A

Fine, Hyaline, Septate Hyphae

seen in hair shafts and keratin scales

65
Q

A direct microscopic examination is considered positive if

________ is seen on hair

A

Ectothrix arthroconidia

seen on hair

66
Q

Cultures are incubated on Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM)

at 25 - 30C UNLESS

_________

is suspected, in which case, incubation will be at 37C

A

*T. verrucosum *

grows at 37C

67
Q

In culture, Dermatophytes utilize protein peptones

which causes an ________ reaction, turning _____ in color

A

Dermatophytes use peptones and cause

alkaline reactions turning RED

68
Q

When a fungi uses sugar first and then protein, what color is

seen in the DTM?

A

Yellow reaction = acidic reaction

when fungi uses sugar first

69
Q

Growth on DTM with a red slant

BEFORE 10 days

indicates

A

Dermatophytes

70
Q

**Nicotinic acid **is a growth requirement for

which species of dermatophyte?

A

T. equinum

requires nicotinic acid to grow

71
Q

Inositol and Thiamine

are growth requirements of which dermatophyte species?

A

T. verrucosum

requires inositol and thiamine to grow

72
Q

Macroconidium is used in the identification of species of which genus of dermatophyte?

A

Microsporum

is identified using macroconidia

73
Q

Physiological tests like

nutritional requirements, temp tolerance, urease production and in-vitro hair perforation

are performed in order to ID which genus of dermatophytes. Why?

A

Trichophyton because they do NOT produce macroconidia in large amounts, and are rarely seen

74
Q

What do you prescribe to treat a systemic fungal infection?

A

Azoles (like Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole and Itraconazole)

or

Terbinafine

Treat until 3 negative weekly cultures

75
Q

**Vaccination **is an effective method of preventing fungal infection in _______, but is NOT effective in ______

A

Effective in COWS

NOT effective in cats

76
Q

What are the 2 most common zoonotic fungal species

causing disease in humans?

A

M. canis

T. verrucosum

Bacteriology Practice Questions (16 decks)

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