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Bacteriology Practice Questions > Test 1 Intro to Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Test 1 Intro to Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

T/F

Fungi is prokaryotic

A

FALSE

Fungi is eukaryotic

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2
Q

What is an example of a unicellular fungi?

A

Yeast is unicellular

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3
Q

What types of fungi are multicellular and produce filamentous colonies?

A

Mold and Mushrooms

are multicellular and form filamentous colonies

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4
Q

Most fungi like a pH of around ______

and a

temperature of around _______

A

Most fungi like acidic pH around 5.0

and a temperature of 25C

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5
Q

Most fungi is strictly aerobic

EXCEPT for

____________

which is aerobic AND anaerobic

A

**Yeast **is aerobic and anaerobic

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6
Q

What is the only type of fungi that is fermentative?

A

Yeast!

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7
Q

What is the main element of the growing form of molds?

A

Hyphae

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8
Q

Hyphae can be divided by cross walls called __________

A

Hyphae can be divided by cross walls called septa

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9
Q

A mold with *darkly pigmented hyphae *is called _________

A

Dark pigment hyphae = Dematiaceous

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10
Q

A mold with *non-pigmented hyphae *is called ___________

A

Non-pigmented hyphae = Hyaline

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11
Q

Molds can reproduce sexually and asexually.

___________ is used to produce sexually

while

____________ is used to produce asexually

A

**Fruiting Bodies/ Spores **= SEXUAL

**Conidiophores/Sporangiophores **= Asexual

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12
Q

Aerial hyphae form stalk-like structures when grown on media called __________

A

Conidiophores/Sporangiophores

for

asexual reproduction

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13
Q

Aerial hyphae form stalk-like structures on media that give rise to

asexual spores called _________

A

Conidia

asexual spores formed by Conidiophores/Sporangiophores

of Aerial Hyphae

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14
Q

T/F

Asexual spores, termed Conidia, are *less resistent *to

physical and chemical agents than

Hyphae

A

FALSE

**Conidia (asexual spores) **are MORE resistent to chemical and physical agents than Hyphae

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15
Q

What is a Dimorphic Fungi?

A

A fungi that can change from its

mycelial form into *yeast *

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16
Q

A dimorphic fungi is in its mycelial form at room temperature, but changes into yeast at what temperature?

A

37C or when in animal tissues

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17
Q

Blastomyces dermatitides

Coccidiodes immitis

Histoplasma capsulatum

and

Paracoccidiodes basilensis

are all examples of what?

A

Dimorphic Fungi

Include:

<em>Blastomyces dermatitides</em>

<em>Histoplasma capsulatum</em>

<em>Coccidiodes immitis</em>

<em>Paracoccidiodes basilensis</em>

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18
Q

Fungi most often reproduces in what way?

A

Asexually

is most common reproduction method of fungi

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19
Q

What are 3 mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction of Fungi?

A

Sporulation, Fragmentation, and Budding

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20
Q

Sporulation followed by germination of spores is a fungal method of asexual reproduction utilized by which two fungi?

A

*Aspergillus *and Penicillium

used Sporulation to reproduce asexually

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21
Q

Coccidiodes immitis is a fungi that utilizes what mechanism of asexual reproduction?

A

*Coccidiodes immitis *asexually reproduces by

Fragmentation of hyphae

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22
Q

Candida and Cryptococcus are forms of yeast that use what method of asexual reproduction?

A

*Candida *and *Cryptococcus *

reproduce asexually by

Budding of yeast cells

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23
Q

Fungal cells are _______ than most bacteria.

A

LARGER

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24
Q

T/F

Fungi are eukaryotic and have chloroplast

A

FALSE

Fungi are eukaryotic but do not have chloroplast

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25
Q

Fungal capsules are made of _________

A

Fungal capsules are made of polysaccharides

26
Q

What subcellular structure of fungi aids in adherance and clumping, and can be antigenic and antiphagocytic?

A

Capsule!

27
Q

What subcellular structure of fungi

determines *shape *and morphogenesis

and composed of microfibrils?

A

The Cell Wall!

28
Q

What are microfibrils?

A

Thatchwork of polysaccharides

cross-linked with

proteins and glycoproteins

that make up the

Cell Wall of Fungi

29
Q

GPI-anchored protein

Chitin

B-(1,3) glucan

B (1,6) glucan

and mannoproteins

Are found in what?

A

The Cell Wall of Fungi!

Composed of Chitin, B- (1,3) and (1,6) glucan, and mannoproteins

30
Q

What kind of protein is commonly found on the surface of the cell wall in fungi and acts as an antigen?

A

Polysaccharides

31
Q

Mammals have cholesterol in their cell membranes.

What do fungi have in their cytoplasmic membranes?

A

**Ergosterol **and Zymosterol

32
Q

Polyene Antibiotics, like Amphotericin B,

target _______

instead of the mammalian cell equivalent

in order to rid the host of fungal disease.

A

**Polyene Antibiotics **

target fungal

Sterol

33
Q

Fungal infections rarely cause disease in healthy animals.

What is the exception?

A

Dermatophytes

can cause disease in healthy animals

34
Q

What are 10 circumstances that can give rise to

Systemic Fungal Infections?

A
  1. Prolonged administration of antibiotics
  2. Radiation
  3. Steroid therapy
  4. Urethane
  5. Mustard Gas
  6. Folic acid antagonists
  7. Cancer
  8. Immunosuppressive therapy or Immunodeficiency
  9. Cytotoxic Drugs
  10. Endocrine Disorders
35
Q

What is the most pathogenic Fungi?

A

Fungi Imperfecti

is the most pathogenic

36
Q

What is the one fungi that can cause

epidemics?

A

Dermatophytes

37
Q

What are 8 factors that predispose an animal to

Fungal Invasion of Tissues

A
  1. Immunosuppression
  2. Prolonged antibiotic therapy
  3. Immunological defects
  4. Being young, aging, and malnutrion
  5. Exposure to a heavy load of fungal spores
  6. Traumatized tissue
  7. Persistent moisture on skin surface
  8. Neoplastic conditions

can all cause fungal invasion of tissues

38
Q

Immunity to fungal infections is mainly

_____ _____

A

Cell-Mediated

39
Q

Cell-mediated immunity to fungi

involves the constant production of antibodies which

protect from all forms of fungi EXCEPT for

A

Dermatophytes

are not affected by cell-mediated immunity antibodies

40
Q

Most fungal infections produce

_______ lesions

that resemble mycobacteriosis

and other facultative bacterial diseases

A

Granulomatous Lesions

resemble

mycobacteriosis

41
Q

In a fungal infection of the skin,

most animals’ immune systems do what?

A

Initiate hypersensitivity skin reactions

in response to fungal infection

42
Q

Skin tests

are available for which

4 fungal infections?

A

Infections by:

  • Blastomycosis*
  • Histoplasmosis*
  • Coccidiomycosis*
  • Sporotrichosis*
43
Q

What does a vet office need in order to

presumptively diagnose fungal infections?

A

Microscope with oil immersion lens

**10% KOH **(potassium hydroxide) in glycerol

India Ink

Hematologic Stain (Diff Quick)

Glass slides and cover slips

Atlas of Medical Mycology

44
Q

The collection of

Hair, Skin, and Nails

is useful for the diagnosis of which fungi?

A

*Dermatophytosis *and Onchyomycosis

can be diagnosed with

Hair, Skin, and Nail specimens

45
Q

When you are collecting a

biopsy for diagnosis

what container is used and

what are the two things you must collect?

A

Use a sterile tube with saline or water

and you must collect

Normal AND affected tissue

46
Q

A **urine specimen **is especially useful

in the diagnosis of what fungi?

A

Collect urine to diagnose

Histoplasmosis

47
Q

If you suspect

*Cryptococcus *infection,

what bodily fluid should you collect and examine?

A

Collect CSF to diagnose Cryptococcus

48
Q

A **CSF **specimen can be used to diagnose Cryptococcus.

By using India Ink preparations

what can be observed in the cerebrospinal fluid?

A

Encapsulated yeasts

49
Q

What do

*flakes *and *granules *indicate when found in

Pleural or Abdominal Fluid specimens?

A

Flakes and granules are

colonies of organisms

50
Q

Transtracheal or Bronchial Washings

are useful in diagnosing

what pathogen?

A

Use transtracheal and bronchial washings to diagnose

Systemic mycoses

51
Q

**Nasal flushings **are used to diagnose what kind of fungus or fungus related disease?

A

Nasal aspergillosis

and

Guttural pouch mycosis

52
Q

The collection of this bodily fluid

is collected via syringe

and directly inoculated onto plated fungal media

in order to diagnose

Ocular blastomycosis

A

Ocular Fluid

53
Q

Most fungi is grown on

Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar

at what temperature?

A

20 - 25C

54
Q

Fungi in the yeast phase is grown

at 37C

on what media?

A

Blood Agar

55
Q

*Sordarins *and Azasordarins

are antifungal agents used at what site of action?

A

Sordarins and Azosordarins

are used to

inhibit protein synthesis

56
Q

What antifungal agent is used as a

Cell Wall Inhibitor

of glucan synthesis?

A

Echinocandins

57
Q

What antifungal agent is used as a

Cell Wall Inhibitor of

chitin synthesis?

A

Nikkomycin

58
Q

These 2 antifungal agents are used as

Cell MEMBRANE inhibitors

of Ergosterol synthesis

A

Azoles

and

Allylamines

59
Q

**Polyenes **are antifungal agents that cause

direct _____ ______

A

Polyenes cause

direct membrane damage

60
Q

**Griseofulvin **is an antifungal agent

that disrupts microtubules and inhibits

what process?

A

Griseofulvin

inhibits

fungal mitosis

61
Q

Which antifungal agent is used to inhibit

nucleic acid synthesis?

A

Flucytosine

inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Bacteriology Practice Questions (16 decks)

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