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Psych 105 > Personality Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Personality Pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Refers to an individual’s characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

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2
Q

In measuring personality, we try and see how and why individuals differ ___.

A

Psychologically.

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3
Q

We can measure personality in two ways; by examining ___ ___ and ___ ___.

A

Prior events, anticipated events.

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4
Q

Prior Events

A

How prior events (genes) shape an individual.

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5
Q

Anticipated Events

A

How past and present interact.

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6
Q

Self-Report

A

Refers to a series of answers to a questionnaire that asks people to indicate the extent to which sets of statements or adjectives accurately describe their own behaviour or mental state.

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7
Q

What does MMPI-2 stand for?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

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8
Q

What is the MMPI-2?

A

A well researched clinical questionnaire used to assess personality and psychological problems.

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9
Q

MMPI-2 is based upon the ___ method.

A

Actuarial.

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10
Q

MMPI-2 has __ main subscales.

A

10.

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11
Q

MMPI-2 measures tendencies towards ___ concerns.

A

Clinical.

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12
Q

MMPI-2 has ___ scales to assess attitudes toward test taking and tendency to distort results.

A

Validity.

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13
Q

Projection Techniques

A

Consist of a standard series of ambiguous stimuli designed to elicit unique responses that reveal inner aspects of an individual’s personality.

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14
Q

What is the idea of Projection Techniques based upon?

A

People will project personality factors unconsciously onto ambiguous stimuli without censoring.

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15
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

A projective personality test in which individual interpretation of the meaning of a set of unstructured inkblots is analyzed to identify a respondent’s inner feelings and interpret his or her personality structure.

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16
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

A projective personality test in which respondents reveal underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world through the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people.

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17
Q

Criticism of Projection Techniques:

A

There is sparse evidence of predictive value, the tests are open to examiner’s subjective interpretation and theoretic bias, and the interpretations could be examiner’s own projections.

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18
Q

Prior events approach was used by ___ ___.

A

Gordon Allport.

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19
Q

Gordon Allport believed that…

A

People can be described in terms of traits just as an object can be described in terms of its properties.

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20
Q

Trait

A

Refers to a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.

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21
Q

Anticipated events approach was used by ___ ___.

A

Henry Murray.

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22
Q

Henry Murray suggested that…

A

Traits reflect motives.

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23
Q

Personality represented in language suggests ___ potential traits.

A

18 000.

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24
Q

In personality represented in language, ___ and ___ are at higher levels, making up the core of the personality, while ___ and ___ are at lower levels, making up the rest of personality.

A

General and abstract, specific and concrete.

25
Q

Cattell came up with the ___ ___ theory of personality

A

16-factor.

26
Q

Eysenck came up with the ___ ___ theory of personality.

A

Two-factor.

27
Q

What are the two dimensions of personality in the Two-factor theory of personality?

A

Extrovert/introvert and emotionally stable/unstable.

28
Q

The Five-Factor Model of Personality is accepted as it accounts for ___ in personality without overlapping traits.

A

Variation.

29
Q

The Five-Factor Model of Personality is accepted as there have been a large number of ___ conducted on it using different kinds of data.

A

Studies.

30
Q

The Five-Factor Model of Personality is accepted as it holds across ___ ___. This suggests ___.

A

Different participants. Universality.

31
Q

The Five-Factor Model of Personality is accepted as it can be associated with predictable patterns of ___ and ___ outcomes.

A

Behaviours, social.

32
Q

The Five-Factor Model of Personality is accepted as it remains ___ with age.

A

Stable.

33
Q

Evidence that traits are biological:

A

Brain damage or changes in brain chemistry can trigger personality changes.

34
Q

Using heritability coefficients, the average genetic components of personality range from ___ to ___.

A

0.40-0.60.

35
Q

Growing up in the same environment does/doesn’t appear to make people more similar.

A

Doesn’t.

36
Q

Who made humans observe hyenas and use personality scales to rate them?

A

Gosling.

37
Q

What was significant about Gosling’s findings?

A

He found five dimensions that resembled the Big Five traits.

38
Q

Eysenck speculated that extroversion and introversion arrises from differences in ___.

A

Alertness.

39
Q

Extroverts seek ___ ___, and their reticular formation which controls arousal and alertness is/isn’t easily stimulated.

A

Social interaction, isn’t.

40
Q

Introverts seek to avoid ___ ___, and their reticular formation which controls arousal and alertness is/isn’t easily stimulated.

A

Social interaction, is.

41
Q

Extroverts perform tasks well in…

A

Noisy and loud environments.

42
Q

Introverts perform tasks well in…

A

Tranquil environments.

43
Q

What did Gray propose?

A

The dimensions of extroversion and introversion, as well as neuroticism reflect two basic brain waves.

44
Q

What are the two basic brain waves proposed by Gray?

A

Behavioural Activation System (BAS) and Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS).

45
Q

What did Freud do?

A

Approached the study of personality by examining the meanings and insights revealed by careful analysis of the blemishes in person’s thought and behaviour (example Freudian slips).

46
Q

According to Freud, personality is understood as a ___ to the person who owns it because we cannot know our deepest ___.

A

Mystery, motives.

47
Q

Psychodynamic Approach

A

An approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness- motives that can also produce emotional disorders.

48
Q

Dynamic Unconscious

A

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these factors.

49
Q

Experiences shape the ___ before we can even put thoughts and feelings into words.

A

Mind.

50
Q

Id

A

The part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives.

51
Q

Ego

A

The component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life’s practical demand.

52
Q

Superego

A

The mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercize their authority.

53
Q

The three systems of mind in Freud’s theory interact and create constant controversy. The dominant system equals the ___ ___.

A

Personality structure.

54
Q

Ego and Superego are governed by ___.

A

Anxiety.

55
Q

Anxiety is a defense position that keeps unacceptable drives from entering ___.

A

Consciousness.

56
Q

Repression

A

Motivated forgetting.

57
Q

fMRI has found decreased activity in ___ during repression.

A

Hippocampus.

58
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce activity generated by threats from unacceptable impulses.

59
Q

Example of defense mechanisms.

A

Rationalization, reaction formation, projection, regression, displacement, identification, and sublimation.

Psych 105 (30 decks)

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