Personality Pt. 2

Question 1

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 1

Distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures.

Question 2

What are the psychosexual stages, and when do they occur?

Answer 2

Oral (0-18 monhs), anal (18-36 months), phallic (3-6 years), latency (6-puberty), and genital (puberty onwards).

Question 3

Laency is somewhat of a ___ phase.

Answer 3

‘Sleeper’.

Question 4

Deprivation or overindulgence in a psychosexual stage leads to ___.

Answer 4

Fixation.

Question 5

___ stage is associated with the ___ and ___ complex.

Answer 5

Phallic, Oedipus, Electra.

Question 6

Our outward present ___ is only the tip of the iceberg.

Answer 6

Personality.

Question 7

Freud had his patients lie on a couch facing away from him to…

Answer 7

Make them more comfortable telling things to him.

Question 8

Self-Actualizing Tendency

Answer 8

The human motive towards realizing our inner potential.

Question 9

What did Rogers come up with?

Answer 9

Unconditional Positive Regard.

Question 10

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 10

An attitude of nonjudgemental acceptance towards another person.

Question 11

When ___ and our ___ do not match, our true nature and capabilities are less happy.

Answer 11

Goals, lives.

Question 12

Csikszentmihalyl came up with the idea of…

Answer 12

Flow and peak performance.

Question 13

Maaslow’s ___ of Needs.

Answer 13

Hierarchy.

Question 14

Existential Approach

Answer 14

A school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death.

Question 15

Responsibility of having to make free choices causes ___.

Answer 15

Angst.

Question 16

Engage in Rumination

Answer 16

Superficial answers to deal with the angst.

Question 17

Security-providing mechanisms can stifle potential for ___ ___.

Answer 17

Personal growth.

Question 18

Morality Salience Studies

Answer 18

Death versus unpleasant experience. When participants have to think about death, it can prompt individuals to become protective of their family, culture, country, and religion.

Question 19

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 19

Views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situation encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them.

Question 20

Person-Situation Controversy

Answer 20

The question of whether behaviour is caused more by personality or situational factors.

Question 21

According to the Person-Situation Controversy, a ___ can trump ___.

Answer 21

Situation, personality.

Question 22

According to the Person-Situation Controversy, people may not act the same across time, but are more likely to act the same in similar ___.

Answer 22

Situations.

Question 23

Personal Construct

Answer 23

Refers to dimensions people use in making sense of their experience.

Question 24

What did Kelly suggest about personal constructs?

Answer 24

That people view the social world from differing perspectives and that these views arise through the application of personal constructs.

Question 25

Outcome Expectancies

Answer 25

A person’s assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behaviour.

Question 26

Our personality largely reflects the ___ we pursue.

Answer 26

Goals.

Question 27

Locus of Control Scale

Answer 27

Beliefs translate into individual differences in emotion and behaviour.

Question 28

If you have an internal locus of control, you believe that you have/don’t have control of your life.

Answer 28

Have.

Question 29

When you have an internal locus of control, you are less/more able to cope with stress.

Answer 29

More.

Question 30

Self-Concept

Answer 30

A person’s explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviours, traits, and other personal characteristics.

Question 31

William James suggested that selves have ___ facets.

Answer 31

Two.

Question 32

What are the two facets suggested by James?

Answer 32

the “I” that thinks, acts, and experiences the world, and the “Me” that is an object in the world.

Question 33

What did Markus observe in 1977?

Answer 33

That each person finds certain unique personality traits particularly important for conceptualizing the self.

Question 34

Self Schemas

Answer 34

The traits people use to define themselves.

Question 35

Sense of self is largely developed and maintained in relation to ___.

Answer 35

Others.

Question 36

What did Mead find in 1934?

Answer 36

Things people say about us accumulate and are seen as a consensus held by the “generalized other” and are held as a stable concept of self.

Question 37

Stability of self concept promotes consistency in ___ across situations.

Answer 37

Behaviour.

Question 38

Self Verification

Answer 38

The tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self-concept.

Question 39

Self Esteem

Answer 39

The extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self.[

Question 40

Self esteem is either influenced by being accepted and valued by ___ ___ or from specific ___ ___.

Answer 40

Significant others, self evaluations.

Question 41

Desire for self esteem- evolutionary perspective.

Answer 41

Argue that we seek high self esteem because we have evolved to seek out belongingness, and high self esteem indicates being accepted.

Question 42

Desire for self esteem- existential perspective.

Answer 42

Argue that we have a desire for high self esteem to find value in ourselves and escape the anxiety related to recognizing our mortality.

Question 43

Desire for self esteem- self serving bias.

Answer 43

People’s tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures. Maintaining positive view of self.

Question 44

Desire for self esteem- narcissism

Answer 44

A trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others.