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Army OCS > Military Intelligence > Flashcards

Military Intelligence Flashcards

1
Q

What does WFF stand for

A

War Fighting Function

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2
Q

What does IPB stand for

A

Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield

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3
Q

How many variables are in the Contemporary Operational Environment

A

8

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4
Q

What rank is the BDE S2 usually

A

Major or Senior Captain

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5
Q

What rank is the BN S2 usually

A

Career course graduate and sometimes a senior 1LT

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6
Q

How many intelligence disciplines are there

A

8

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7
Q

What are the intelligence disciplines

A 
HUMINT - Human
SIGINT - Signal
IMINT - Imagery
OSINT - Open Source
CI - Counter
MASINT - Measures and Signals
TECHINT - Technical 
BEI - Biometrically Enabled
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8
Q

Define IPB

A

The systematic and continuous process of analyzing the threat and the environment in a specific geographic area

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9
Q

What are the objectives of IPB

A

Answer commander’s questions about: TWEL Terrain, Weather, Enemy Situation, Local Population to

Selectively apply combat power at critical points in a time and space on the battlefield by describing the environment and it’s effects and determining the threat’s likely Course of Action (COA)

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10
Q

Who leads IPB

A

S2/G2 and everyone does it to some extent

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11
Q

How many steps are in IPB

A

4

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12
Q

What’s the first step of IPB

A

Define the Battlefield Environment

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13
Q

What’s the second step of IPB

A

Describe the Battlefield Effects

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14
Q

What’s the third step of IPB

A

Evaluate the Threat

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15
Q

What’s the fourth step of IPB

A

Identify Threat COA

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16
Q

What are the two components of Define the Battlefield Environment

A

AREA OF OPERATIONS - The physical space where your unit is authorized to conduct operations. Given to you by your higher headquarters.

AREA OF INTEREST - The physical area where enemy forces or their actions may affect your unit’s mission. Determined by the S2 and commander.

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17
Q

How many components are there to Describing the Battlefield Effects

A

2

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18
Q

What are the components of Describing the Battlefield Effects

A

Analyze with regard to:
Terrain
Weather

Describe the field’s effect on threat/friendly capabilities and broad courses of action

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19
Q

How many dimensions are there to terrain analysis

A

4

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20
Q

What are the dimensions of terrain analysis to describe the battlefield effects

A

OCOKA, Lines of Communication, Cross-country Movement Overlay, and Population Centers

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21
Q

What does OCOKA stand for

A

Observation and Field of Fire (see and kill from where)
Cover and Concealment (visual and physical protection)
Obstacles (existing and reinforcing)
Key Terrain (mission accomplishment)
Avenues of Approach (to/from an objective)

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22
Q

What does Observation mean

A

The ability of a force to see the enemy either visually or through the use of surveillance devices.
From where / how can the enemy see me?
Where / how can I see the enemy from here?

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23
Q

What does Field of Fire mean

A

An area that a weapon or groups of weapons can effectively cover with fire from a given position.
From where / how can the enemy shoot me?
Where / how can I shoot the enemy from here?

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24
Q

What does Cover mean

A

Inter Visibility Lines, ditches, caves, hills, ravines, river banks, shell craters, buildings, fighting positions, embankments and gatherings of non-combatants.

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25
Q

What does Concealment mean

A

Protection from observation.
Examples - Camouflage, weeds, underbrush, tall grass, heavy vegetation, rocky outcrops, religious sites and gatherings of non-combatants.

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26
Q

What does cover and concealment aid

A

Defensible terrain and potential positions.
Possible approach routes.
Assembly areas.
Deployment and dispersal areas.

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27
Q

What does Obstacles mean

A

Natural or man-made terrain features that stop, impede, or divert military movement.
Obstacles are the foundation of an engagement area.
Can I stop/slow the enemy here long enough to mass fires upon him?
Will the enemy stop/slow me here and try to mass fires upon me?
Use the MCOO to graphically depict obstacles.

Identify pertinent obstacles in the AI.
Determine the effects of each obstacle on the mobility of the evaluated force.
Combine the effects of individual obstacles into an integrated product (MCOO)

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28
Q

What does Key Terrain mean

A

Any natural or man-made feature which gives the force which controls it an advantage.
Consider the following in analyzing terrain:
Mission
Level of Command
Type of Unit
Does that piece of terrain aid me in the accomplishment of my mission?
Would it aid the enemy in the accomplishment of his mission?

Key terrain can be the PEOPLE as well

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29
Q

What does Avenues of Approach mean

A

Route (air, ground or human) of an element which leads to the objective or key terrain within its path.
On the attack, ask - what route can I take to the objective?
In the defense, ask - what route could the enemy take to get to me or the objective?

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30
Q

What are the three classifications of terrain

A

UNRESTRICTED Free of any restriction to movement. Units maneuver at doctrinal speeds/distances. Nothing needs to be done to enhance mobility.

RESTRICTED Terrain hinders movement. Units must adjust doctrinal distances or speeds. Some effort required to enhance mobility .

SEVERELY RESTRICTED Terrain severely hinders movement. Units cannot travel at doctrinal distances and speeds.

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31
Q

What are the Civil Considerations of Terrain Analysis

A

Area

Structures - Infrastructure, Government, Religious

Capabilities - Governance, Security, Medical, Essential Services

Organizations - Political and Non-Governmental Organizations

People - Demographics

Events - Key Historical Events

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32
Q

Sum up the Terrain Assessment in one line

A

Terrain favors the …..

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33
Q

How many aspects are there to Weather analysis

A

5

34
Q

What are the five aspects to Weather Analysis

A

Visibility

Winds

Precipitation

Cloud Cover

Temperature and Humidity

35
Q

Define Visibility impacts

A

Light data (BMNT, EENT, Sunrise, Sunset, Moon Phases)

Laser range finding

Poor visibility increases light infantry survivability

36
Q

Define Wind impacts

A

Smoke / Chemical dispersion

Decrease trajectory data and first hit probability

Affects airborne, air assault, aviation operations

37
Q

Define Precipitation impacts

A

Degrades mobility

Limits visibility

Degrades weapons effectiveness

Affects troop morale

38
Q

Define Cloud Cover impacts

A

Heavy cloud cover limits illumination and solar heating of targets

Degrades many target acquisition systems

Ceiling affects aviation operations

39
Q

Define Temperature and Humidity impacts

A

Extreme temperature reduces personnel effectiveness

Low temperature degrades ballistics of weapons

Temperature can affect vehicle performance

High humidity decreases stamina of foot soldier

40
Q

Sum up weather analysis in one line

A

Weather favors the …

41
Q

What is a Doctrinal Template (DOCTEMP)

A

Illustrate the deployment pattern and disposition preferred by the threat’s normal tactics when not constrained by the effects of the battlefield environment.

42
Q

What does a Doctrinal Template usually have

A

Usually scaled graphic depictions of threat dispositions for a particular type of standard operation, such as a

  • battalion movement to contact
  • an insurgent ambush
  • terrorist kidnapping
43
Q

What’s an HVT

A

High Value Targets: targets that belong to the enemy that we must kill to be successful

44
Q

What does Identifying Threat Capabilities mean

A

What are the Tactical COAs in Massive Combat Operations:
Attack
Defend
Reinforce

Broad COAs can be divided into more specific COAs.

Threat Capability Statements take the form of “The enemy has the capability to attack with up to 8 divisions supported by 170 daily sorties of fixed-wing aircraft”

45
Q

What do you need to identify about the enemy’s objectives

A

What does the enemy seek to do to us

How does the enemy define success

How can we deny him success

46
Q

What are the criteria for developing enemy COAs

A

Develop as many potential COAs as time allows.

Criteria for each COA:
suitability
feasibility
acceptability
uniqueness 
consistency with doctrine.

Situation templates are graphic depictions of expected threat dispositions should he adopt a particular COA

47
Q

What are the key components of COAs

A

WHAT - the type of operation, such as attack, defend, reinforce, or conduct retrograde.

WHEN - the time the action will begin. You usually state this in terms of the earliest time that the threat can adopt the COA under consideration.

WHERE - the sectors, zones, axis of attack, avenues of approach, and objectives that make up the COA.

HOW - the method by which the threat will employ his assets, such as dispositions, location of main effort, the scheme of maneuver, and how it will be supported.

WHY - the objective or end state the threat intends to accomplish.

48
Q

What’s a COE

A

Contemporary Operational Environment: the synergistic combination of all the critical variables and actors that create the conditions, circumstances, and influences that can affect military operations today and in the near- and mid-term

49
Q

What’s an OE

A

A composite of the

conditions,
circumstances, and
influences

that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander

50
Q

What’s the 4 bases of the current COE

A

Nations will continue to field armed forces and use these forces as a tool to pursue national interests.

Advanced technology will be available on the world market for a wide variety of nation-state and non-state actors.

Non-state actors will play an important role in any regional conflictas combatants or noncombatants.

All combat operations will be significantly affected by a number of variables in the environment beyond simple military forces.

51
Q

What does PMESII-PT stand for

A 
Political
Military
Economic
Social
Information
Infrastructure

Physical Environment
Time

52
Q

What are the components of the Political Environment

A

Distribution of power and responsibility

Legitimacy

Will

53
Q

What are the factors in the Military Environment

A

Capabilities

Flexibility

Instrument of respective political system

Military capabilities that should be considered include equipment, manpower, military doctrine, training levels, resource constraints and leadership issues. Military leadership is very important as it influences the “human capabilities” of the military.

Analysis should focus on to what extent an actor can militarily influence the OE domestically, regionally, internationally or globally.

Unconventional tactics may be used when conventional forces face overwhelming military power.

54
Q

What are the factors in the Economic Environment

A

Haves and have-nots (“The Shooter”)

Resources

Regional action, global reaction

55
Q

What are the factors in Social Environment

A

Cultural, religious and ethnic makeup

People, groups and institutions

How people define themselves and interact with others

Culture is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that the members of society use to cope with their world and one another.

Characteristics of a social system to consider include demographics, migration trends, urbanization, standards of living and the cohesiveness of cultural, religious or ethnic groups.

56
Q

What are the factors in Information Environment

A

Information is power

Perception management

Information flow

Sophistication

57
Q

What are the factors in the Infrastructure Environment

A

Systems needed for the functioning of a community or society

Technological sophistication

Technology captures the Actor’s ability to conduct research and development and then capitalize on the results. The infrastructure can be measured in terms of technological success or advancement, scientific and research institutions, technology acquisition policies and the education and training facilities that support the acquisition of technology.

58
Q

What are the factors in the Physical Environment

A

Physical circumstances and conditions

Defining factors

Complex terrain

Adverse weather

Factors are complex terrain and urban settings (to include super-surface, surface and sub-surface features), weather, topography, hydrology and environmental conditions.

Actors understand that open environments with relatively little complex terrain favor US weapons systems and tactics. Therefore complex environments, such as urban or mountainous terrain, may favor adversaries.

Adverse weather has a similar effect as it degrades the ability of the US to exploit air power and advanced observation systems.

59
Q

What are the factors in the Time Environment

A

Operational Planning Factor

Tool

Time does not favor US goals

Time is a major factor in commander’s decision cycle.

Adversaries will seek to control the operational tempo, especially early in a conflict to have maximum impact on early-entry operations.

The availability of time is a significant planning factor as the amount available and how long operations might take will affect every aspect of military execution including force package development, force flow rate, quality of intelligence, the need for forward-deployed forces and logistics.

The US has demonstrated distaste for protracted operations and accompanying casualties. This is largely a function of political will, rather than of logistical or military failings.

60
Q

What is the System Approach to Combat

A

Systems warfare identifies critical system components and attacks them to degrade or destroy the use or importance of the system

‘Single points of failure’ are targeted and destroyed individually

Examples of systems that might be targeted by systems warfare are
Logistics
C2
Reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target acquisition (RISTA)
Medical evacuation
Commerce
Transportation

61
Q

What is ES2

A

Every Soldier is a Sensor

62
Q

How does the Army accomplish ES2

A

Threat/Cultural Awareness

IED Training

HUMINT/Combat Patrolling

Situational Awareness

Actionable Intelligence

63
Q

What is the purpose of ES2

A

Enhance Soldiers’ overall skills and improve their ability to act/react/respond in the Contemporary Operating Environment

64
Q

What’s the End State of ES2

A

All Soldiers trained in the fundamentals of intelligence/information gathering and responding

65
Q

What are the parts of a SALUTE report

A

Size

Activity

Location

Unit

Time

Equipment

Remarks
Source
Map Data
PIR
DOI
Other
66
Q

What does Size/Who stand for

A

This is applicable to both civilians and military alike. Describe as a Civilian/Group of Civilians, Co, Bn, Bde, etc. Be specific if the details are available. If it is an individual, state an individual. If it is a group, state how big the group is. Be as specific as you can.

Examples
1 x Div (2 x squad)
3 x Civilians (approx 7 armed insurgents)
1 x shopkeeper

67
Q

What does Activity/What stand for

A

Clearly indicate what has transpired and indicate the PIR being answered, i.e. Iraqi Border Crossing, unusual/suspicious activity which may threaten force protection, pending hostilities, rallies, etc. If it is about an event that has not happened yet, try to be very specific. Raid does not mean much. Armed raid of base camp means a little more.

68
Q

What does Location/Where stand for

A

Give an 8-digit grid coordinate whenever possible (min 6); Spell Town Names, followed by 4-digit grid of town center mass. If a civilian, gather information such as name of business, residence and any other data that will help a TAC HUMINT team re-contact the individual. Again, wouldn’t you like to know where the minefield is? Exactly, and not just “approximately?”

69
Q

What does Unit/Who stand for

A

Unit Designation from lowest to highest echelon known, i.e. 2nd Platoon, HQ Company, 5th Lt Inf Bn, 22nd Lt Inf Bde. If it is an individual, or business, or group of locals, specify that in this block. Don’t put in the name of the individual that reported the information to you (unless he did the activity), put in the identity of the individual or group that did or will do the activity.

70
Q

What does Time/When stand for

A

DTG + time zone (Z, GMT, etc); Record the time of the activity (if known), and if not known, the time you received the information (ensure that you state this is the time of your information).

Future events – begin time
Past events – end time
Ongoing events – date reported, plus indication of duration

71
Q

What does Equipment/How stand for

A

Clearly indicate quantity and military Nomenclature or Types of Major Equipment that are DIRECTLY related to the activity if appropriate. If IED, describe what the device looks like (i.e. plastic bag with explosive device inside).

Additionally, you may list important documents, information gathered on routes, or activities in this block as they apply to the information gathered. For the raid for example, if you know the route the individuals are expected to take, vehicle used, and weapons equipped with, you would detail it all in this block.

NOTE: Separate multiple entries for Line 6. Try to make it easy to read, and impossible to misunderstand.

72
Q

What do you put in the Remarks section of a Salute Report

A 
List which PIR report answered (if any)
List Date of Information
If hearsay information, list here
If source made personal observations, list here
Your observations, if any
73
Q

What’s required by the Geneva Conventions for detainees

A 
Treat IAW Geneva Conventions
Humane Treatment
Cannot deny rights
Safeguard 
Food, Clothing, Shelter
Work
Dignity
74
Q

What are the 5S’s

A

A legal obligation

Search – weapons and documents - bag and tag each separately
Silence – gag if you have to
Segregate – by rank, status, gender
Safeguard – from ALL things
Speed – to a detention facility
75
Q

What should you not do for EPW’s

A

Do not give comfort items to prisoners. They are not your guests.

Do not attempt to force information out of them; you are not an interrogator. Ask them basic questions as outlined in this handbook and move them to a detention facility as quickly as possible.

Do not mention that they may be interrogated later or try any other ‘scare tactic’; that hinders our job to provide you with intelligence information.

Do not attempt to inform the EPW of his or her rights; someone else will handle this.

76
Q

What are the 6 counterintelligence DOs

A

Practice camouflage principles and techniques
Practice noise and light discipline
Practice field sanitation
Use proper COMSEC procedures
Use proper Information Assurance Procedures

77
Q

What are the 4 counterintelligence DON’Ts

A

Take personal letters or pictures into combat areas

Keep diaries or blogs

Discuss military operations with those persons not having a need to know the information

Forget to remind fellow soldiers of their counterintelligence responsibilities

78
Q

What’s a SAEDA incident

A

Attempts by unauthorized personnel to obtain/transmit Classified Military Information.

Attempts by unauthorized personnel to obtain/transmit Controlled Unclassified Information.

Acts of espionage or treason by Army personnel.

Contact with persons known or suspected to be a foreign agent or terrorist.

Missing classified documents.

Discovery of surveillance devices near sensitive areas.

79
Q

What are some indications of SAEDA

A

Living beyond one’s means

Potential compromise of CMI – safes, computers, thumb drives and paper

Phone calls and unexpected guests

80
Q

What to do if you’re approached

A

play James Bond
make any deals, agreements or commit to anything
try to apprehend or be your own SWAT team
tell everyone – only your S2 and CDR should know

Do
Recall as many details as possible as soon as possible
Stay calm, get info and buy time then report to your nearest CI/S2 section

81
Q

What do you do if you see someone do something wrong

A

Recall as many details as possible as SOON as possible. Make notes of what occurred

Only give details to a CI Agent (your boss and the S2 don’t need details)

You can’t be punished for reporting a SEADA incident

But you can be punished for not reporting one

82
Q

A DOCTEMP + Terrain is a …

A

SITEMP

Army OCS (14 decks)

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