Metabolism regulation

Question 1

What are the two high level ways the nervous system controls organ function?

Answer 1

1-ANS-direct through innervation

2-Neuroendocrine system-indirect through hormone release

Question 2

What is the descending organ system control center?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

What are the 3 divisions of the ANS?

Answer 3

1-Sympathetic-fight of flight
2-Parasympathetic-rest and digest
3-Enteric-digestive system function/movement of food through the gut

Question 4

What type of receptors detect blood O2/CO2?

Answer 4

Chemoreceptor afferents

Question 5

What type of receptors detect blood pressure?

Answer 5

Baroreceptor afferents

Question 6

What affect does sympathetic have on cardiovasculature?

Answer 6

norepinephrine increases HR

Question 7

What affect does the parasympathetic have on cardiovasculature?

Answer 7

cholinergics decrease HR

Question 8

Increased blood pressure activates what?

Answer 8

Vagal parasympathetic activity

Question 9

What affects does the ANS have on the gastrointestinal function?

Answer 9

• Sympathetic decreases it’s activity

- Parasympathetic increases it’s activity

Question 10

What are the three key players of the neuroendocrine system?

Answer 10

1-Hypothalamus
2-Pituitary
3-Adrenal glands
*also referred to as the HPA Axis (regulates hormone release)

Question 11

What are the 6 major hormones secreted from the Anterior Pituitary?

Answer 11

1-Corticotropin
2-Thyrotropin
3-Follicle Stimulating Hormone
4-Luteinizing hormone
5-Somatotropin
6-Prolactin

Question 12

What two major hormones are released by the Posterior Pituitary?(produced by the Hypothalamus)

Answer 12

1-Oxytocin

2-Vasopressin (ADH)

Question 13

What are the 8 types of hormones?

Answer 13

1-Peptide
2-Catecholamine
3-Eicosanoid
4-Steroid
5-Vitamin D
6-Retinoid
7-Thyroid
8-Nitric Oxide

Question 14

What cycle involves the conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver?

Answer 14

The Cori Cycle

Question 15

What signals satiety?

Answer 15

Leptin

Question 16

What signals hunger?

Answer 16

Ghrelin

Question 17

What three endocrine cells are present in the pancreas and what do they secrete?

Answer 17

1-a cell- glucagon
2-b cell-insulin
3-d cell- somatostatin

Question 18

What are the five steps of insulin secretion?

Answer 18

1-Glucose enters B cell
2-metabolism increases ATP concentration
3-ATP causes closure of K+ channel, depolarizing cell
4-Ca channel opens and signal the ER
5-Insulin is secreted
*A cells responds in a similar way to increased ADP concentration to release glucagon

Question 19

What is an easy way to tell where someone has Type I or Type II diabetes?

Answer 19

Presence of C peptide (cleaved portion of proinsulin) is Type II

Question 20

What stores are used in prolonged fasting periods? What builds up?

Answer 20

Fat and protein stores are used, ketone bodies build up