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+ CAPS 391 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lymphatic system composed of?

A
  • lymph
  • lymphatic vessels
  • lymphatic organs (red bone marrow, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen)
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2
Q

What is lymph?

A

transparent, colorless (or slightly yellow), watery fluid that closely resembles blood plasma, but more dilute

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3
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries collect? Why?

A

remnants of interstitial fluid along with cell debris and waste metabolic byproducts from different tissues (except nervous tissue) to form lymph

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4
Q

What do lymphatic capillaries receive?

A
  • lipid droplets from gastrointestinal tract

- lymphocytes from blood

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5
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. drain excess interstitial fluid
    - lymphatic vessels pick up excess interstitial fluid from tissues and return it to the blood
  2. transports dietary lipids
    - lymphatic vessels transport lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins from gastrointestinal tract to blood
  3. filters lymph and blood
    - foreign substances carried by lymph are filtered by lymph nodes
    - old or defective blood cells are filtered by spleen
  4. carries out immunological responses
    - some lymphatic organs (thymus) initiate responses against certain pathogens
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6
Q

What do lymphatic vessels carry? Where does it go?

A

carry lymph and pass it through lymph nodes to be filtered

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7
Q

Where are lymphatic vessels?

A

in all human organs, except CNS, eyeball, inner ear, and cartilages

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8
Q

What do lymphatic vessels join together to form?

A

lymphatic trunks (larger lymphatic channels) that form lymphatic ducts

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9
Q

What do lymphatic ducts drain into? Where?

A

venous system at junction of subclavian and internal jugular veins

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10
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

bean-shaped structures usually found in groups, accompanying deep and superficial blood vessels

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11
Q

Where are lymph nodes particularly numerous?

A

axilla, neck, popliteal fossa, inguinal region, posterior abdominal wall, and mediastina

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12
Q

What are lymph nodes the site of?

A
  • lymph filtration

- B lymphocytes proliferation

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13
Q

What is the thymus?

A

pinkish gland that weighs 10-15 g at birth, and reaches maximum of 30-40 g at puberty

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14
Q

What is the thymus replaced by after puberty?

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

What is the thymus gland formed by?

A

two lobes

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16
Q

Where is the thymus gland?

A

anterior and superior mediastina

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17
Q

What is the thymus the main site of?

A

T lymphocytes maturation

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18
Q

What is the spleen?

A

oval shaped, largest of lymphatic organs

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19
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

located in abdominal cavity in left hypochondriac region

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20
Q

How many surfaces, borders, and poles of the spleen are there? What are they?

A
  • 2 surfaces (medial and lateral)
  • 2 borders (superior and inferior)
  • 2 poles (anterior and posterior)
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21
Q

What is the lateral or diaphragmatic surface of the spleen?

A
  • smooth

- guarded by ribs IX-XI

22
Q

What is the medial or visceral surface of the spleen?

A

mainly related to stomach and left kidney

23
Q

What does the medial or visceral surface of the spleen carry?

What passes through this structure?

A

hilum

nerve fibers, splenic artery, splenic vein, and efferent lymphatic vessels pass through

24
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the spleen?

A
  • filter old and damaged red blood cells from blood

- store platelets

25
Q

What are tonsils?

Where are they located?

A

aggregates of more or less encapsulated lymphoid tissue situated at entrances to pharynx

26
Q

What is the function of the tonsils?

A

produce antibodies against antigens

27
Q

What are the 5 tonsils?

A
  • pharyngeal tonsil
  • palatine tonsils (2)
  • lingual tonsils (2)
28
Q

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

roof of nasopharynx behind nasal cavity

29
Q

When does the pharyngeal tonsil reach its maximum size?

What happens when it does?

A

before school age

replaced by connective tissue then

30
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils?

A

lie at oropharynx (one on each side) between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

31
Q

Where are the lingual tonsils?

A

located at posterior ⅓ of tongue

32
Q

Describe the path of lymphatic drainage of the body.

A

lymph passes from lymphatic capillaries into lymphatic vessels, then through lymph nodes

33
Q

What happens when lymphatic vessels exit the lymph nodes in certain regions of the body?

A

form lymph trunks

34
Q

What are the main lymph trunks? (5)

A 
lumbar
intestinal
bronchomediastinal
subclavian
jugular
35
Q

What do lymphatic trunks join to form?

What do these structures do?

A

2 major channels: thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

both ducts drain into blood circulation

36
Q

Where does the thoracic duct start?

Where does it pass next?

Where does it drain into?

A

starts from cisterna chyli (lymphatic sac) located in front of vertebrae LI and LII

passes through diaphragm, ascends in posterior mediastinum

drains into junction of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins

37
Q

What is the cisternal chyli?

A

lymphatic sac

38
Q

What does the thoracic duct receive the lymph of?

A
  • lower limbs
  • pelvic cavity
  • abdominal cavity
  • left side of thoracic cavity
  • left side of head and neck
  • left upper limb
39
Q

What is the right thoracic duct formed by?

A

union of right subclavian and right jugular trunks

40
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

A

junction of right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

41
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct receive lymph of?

A
  • right upper limb
  • right half of thorax
  • right side of head
42
Q

Lower Limb and Pelvis Lymphatic Drainage

What is lymph of the lower limb collected by?

A

superficial and deep lymphatic vessels that accompany the corresponding veins

43
Q

Lower Limb and Pelvis Lymphatic Drainage

What does the lymph of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels drain into?

A

inguinal lymph nodes, which in turn empty into pelvic lymph nodes

44
Q

Lower Limb and Pelvis Lymphatic Drainage

What do pelvic lymph nodes also receive lymph of?

What are they drained by?

A

pelvic viscera

drained by lumbar trunks into cisterna chyli

45
Q

Lower Limb and Pelvis Lymphatic Drainage

What do inguinal lymph nodes also receive lymph of?

A
  • lower quadrant of anterior abdominal wall

- perineum

46
Q

Abdomen Lymphatic Drainage

Where does the lymph of the alimentary canal, liver, pancreas, and spleen drain into?

A

pre-aortic lymph nodes, then into cisterna chyli via intestinal trunks

47
Q

Abdomen Lymphatic Drainage

Where does the lymph of posterior abdominal wall, kidneys, glands, and adrenal glands drain into?

A

para-aortic lymph nodes, then into cisterna chyli through lumbar trunks

48
Q

Thorax Lymphatic Drainage

Where does the lymph of thorax drain into?

A

parasternal, diaphragmatic, intercostal, and mediastinal lymph nodes

lymph of these nodes empties into thoracic duct on left side, and right lymphatic duct on right side via bronchomediastinal trunks

49
Q

Head and Neck Lymphatic Drainage

Where does the lymph of the head and neck drain into?

A

superficial and deep lymph nodes (associated with superficial and deep veins, respectively)

these lymph nodes eventually drain into left thoracic duct on left side, and into right lymphatic duct on right side via jugular trunks

50
Q

Upper Limb Lymphatic Drainage

Where does lymph of the upper limb drain into?

A

superficial and deep lymph nodes (associated with superficial and deep veins, respectively)

these lymph nodes eventually drain into axillary lymph nodes, that drain into subclavian trunk, that empties into right lymphatic duct on right side and thoracic duct on left side

51
Q

Upper Limb Lymphatic Drainage

What do axillary lymph nodes also receive?

A
  • superficial lymph nodes of anterior thoracic wall

- upper quadrant of anterior abdominal wall

+ CAPS 391 (28 decks)

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