Lecture 8

Question 1

Lymph nodes are capsules of what kind of cells?

Answer 1

White blood cells

Question 2

Which direction does the lymph flow?

Answer 2

One way towards the circulatory system

Question 3

What prevents the lymph from flowing back?

Answer 3

Unidirectional valves

Question 4

What may happen to lymph nodes when they are fighting an infection?

Answer 4

They may inflame and become enlarged

Question 5

Lymph fluid is received by a lymph node by which lymphatic vessels? (afferent/efferent)

Answer 5

Afferent

Question 6

Where does lymph fluid first collect upon entering the node?

Answer 6

At the capsule

Question 7

How is lymph filtered?

Answer 7

It is filterled as it percolates from the capsule down to and around nodules of lymphocytes

Question 8

Where is filtered lymph collected inside a node?

Answer 8

the medulla

Question 9

Via what kind of lymphatic vessel does the filtered lymph leave the medulla?

Answer 9

Via an efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 10

Where does the efferent lymphatic vessel exit the node?

Answer 10

At the hilum of the node

Question 11

Does each lymph node have a vascular supply? What does this blood supply perfuse with?

Answer 11

Yes. The blood supply perfuses (permeates) each of the lymphatic nodules

Question 12

What can the size of most lymph nodes be compared to?

Answer 12

The size of a rubber eraser on a pencil

Question 13

What would a node feel like if it was compressed?

Answer 13

Spongy/foamy/rubbery

Question 14

Why are the best lymph nodes the ones that grow quickly and hurt?

Answer 14

Because they send an immediate signal for attention. If the nodes grow slowly the body will adapt to the growing size and the signal for attention will be attenuated

Question 15

T/F Lymph nodes are water-tight?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What keeps lymph moving through the lymphatic system?

Answer 16

Physical movement

Question 17

Which part of the lymph node are follicles (nodules) of lymphocytes found?

Answer 17

Cortex

Question 18

Why isn’t gravity sufficient to move lymph?

Answer 18

Lymph nodes are too spongy for that

Question 19

Where are germinal centers found in the lymph node?

Answer 19

In the middle of a follicle

Question 20

What does a lighter colored center of a follicle mean?

Answer 20

Means they are more active due to lymphocyte proliferation

Question 21

T/F Lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and adenoids are all part of the lymphatic system?

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Why are tonsils classified as unencapsulated? Is this an accurate description?

Answer 22

They have an incomplete CT capsule.

A more accurate classification would be partially-capsulated

Question 23

What type of tissue covers the surface of tonsils?

Answer 23

A thin squamous epithelium

Question 24

Where is the partial capsule of tonsils located relative to the epithelial surface layer?

Answer 24

The partial capsule is underneath the epithelial surface layer

Question 25

How do adenoids differ from tonsils?

Answer 25

Adenoids are tonsils in the roof of the nasal pharynx; tonsils proper are in the back of your throat, one on each side (known as palatine tonsils)

Question 26

What is the Waldeyer ring?

Answer 26

AKA Tonsillar ring: It is the lymphatic tissue that surrounds the posterior orifice of the oral and nasal cavities and contains clusters of lymph nodules

Question 27

What are the four main tonsils that compose the Waldeyer ring?

Answer 27

Pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, and lingual

Mnemonic: Pucker That Pretty Lip

Question 28

Where are tubal tonsils located?

Answer 28

Lateral walls of the nasopharynx posterior to the opening of the auditory tube

Question 29

Which tonsils are known as “the” tonsils since you can more easily see them?

Answer 29

Palatine tonsils

Question 30

Where is the lingual tonsil located?

Answer 30

In the base of the tongue

Question 31

Which tonsils help to fight middle ear infections?

Answer 31

Tubal tonsils

Question 32

What is the deep aspect of each palatine tonsil isolated by from the surrounding CT?

Answer 32

A dense fibrous tissue

Question 33

What kind of tissue covers the superficial aspect of the tonsils?

Answer 33

Nonkeratinized SSE

Question 34

What are the dips of the superficial aspect of the tonsils called?

Answer 34

Crypts

Question 35

About how many crypts to palatine tonsils have?

Answer 35

10-12

Question 36

How deep do to the crypts penetrate into a tonsil?

Answer 36

To the parenchyma

Question 37

What may be found inside the tonsillar crypts?

Answer 37

Food debris, dead leukocytes, bacteria, and other antigenic substances

Question 38

What kind of follicles compose the tonsil tissue? What is in the middle of many follicles?

Answer 38

Lymphoid follicles. The middle contains germinal centers indicative of active B-cell formation

Question 39

Why is otitis media (middle ear infection) more common in children?

Answer 39

Because of the more horizontal orientation of the Eustachian tube at that age.

Question 40

What may result if food is trapped in tonsillar crypts?

Answer 40

Halitosis

Question 41

T/F Sialoliths are the result of debris trapped in tonsillar crypts.

Answer 41

FALSE. Sialoliths form in salivary glands. Tonsilloliths are the result of debris trapped in tonsillar crypts

Question 42

Do tonsils have a cortex or medulla?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What kind of glands secrete into the crypts of the lingual tonsils?

Answer 43

Mucous

Question 44

Why do mucous glands secrete mucus into the crypts of the lingual tonsil?

Answer 44

To cleanse them, especially during an infection