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Craniofacial Embryology > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F All structures of the oral cavity are either composed of epithelial tissues, develop from epithelia or are closely associated with epithelia

A

True

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2
Q

What are three basic types of mucosa in the oral cavity?

A

masticatory, lining, and specialized

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3
Q

Epidermis is a keratinized _________ squamous epithelium

A

stratified

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4
Q

What is skin thickness determined by?

A

The number of layers of keratinocytes and the presence/absence of hair

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5
Q

Thick skin is about how many microns thick?

A

400-600 microns.

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6
Q

Does thick skin have hair? Where is thick skin found?

A

No hair and is only found on palms and soles

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7
Q

Thin skin is about how many microns thick?

A

75-100 microns

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8
Q

Does thin skin have hair? Where is thin skin found?

A

Yes, has hair and covers all of the body except palms and soles

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9
Q

What cells are part of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells (dendritic cells), Merkel’s cells (tactile cells)

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10
Q

Which is the most abundant cell in the epithelium?

A

Keratinocyte

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11
Q

Why are Langerhans cells also called dendritic?

A

Dendritic means “treelike” and these cells have treelike branches that extend/wrap around keratinocytes

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12
Q

Why do Langerhans cells in the epidermis migrate into the dermis?

A

To present antigens to T lymphocytes

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13
Q

Why are Merkel’s cells also called tactile cells?

A

These cells form a sensitive mechanoreceptor from modified epidermal cells that contain sensory neurons

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14
Q

Which cells in the epidermis are part of the mechanical sense of touch?

A

Merkel’s cells

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15
Q

Stratum lucidum is a transition layer between what two layers of epidermis? This layer is best seen in type of skin?

A

Between underlying stratum granulosum and overlying stratum corneum. Best seen in the thick skin of palms and soles

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16
Q

What type of muscle is at the core of lips? What is the muscle’s specific name?

A

Skeletal muscle. Orbicularis oris

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17
Q

What types of glands is the connective tissue of lips surrounded by?

A

Salivary, mucous, sweat, and sebacious

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18
Q

What three distinct types of stratified squamous epithelia (SSE) cover the lips?

A
  1. Keratinized skin with hair and glands
  2. Keratinized skin without hair or glands
  3. Non keratinized or regionally parakeratinized epithelium with glands
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19
Q

Which part of the lip can be described as thin keratinized SSE with hair and glands?

A

Outer most part of the lip (skin of the face)

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20
Q

Which part of the lip has keratinized SSE WITHOUT hair and glands?

A

The vermillion border

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21
Q

Which part of the lip is nonkeratinized or regionally parakeratinized SSE with glands?

A

Oral mucosa of the vestibule (inside mouth)

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22
Q

What two kinds of sensory receptors are found in the vermillion border of the lip?

A

Free nerve ending in the epidermis

Meissner’s Corpuscles in the dermis

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23
Q

What is a Meissner’s Corpuscle?

A

A free nerve ending wrapped by several cells like a coil

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24
Q

That does the coiled Meisner’s Corpuscle do?

A

It helps to amplify the sense of touch in the lips like an antenna

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25
Q

What are the fingerlike projetions of dermis that project into the epidermis called?

A

Papillae

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26
Q

T/F Meissner’s corpuscles are found in the papillae of the dermis.

A

True

27
Q

The vermillion border of the lip is red (“vermillion”). Does this mean that its epithelial layer has blood supply?

A

No. The epithelium is translucent to the underlying vascular dermis

28
Q

Why is the vermillion zone epithelia translucent?

A

Because it is thin and keratinized

29
Q

Why does the vermillion zone tend to dry out?

A

It lacks salivary glands and has only a few sebaceous glands

30
Q

What does the mucosa layer of the digestive tract consists of?

A

Epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae

31
Q

What does the submucosa layer of the digestive tract have inside it?

A

Loose CT with vessels, nerves, and glands

32
Q

What two layers is the muscularis externa layer of the digestive tract composed of?

A

Inner circular layer of smooth muscle

Outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

33
Q

Which layer of the Muscularis externa is circular? Which is longitudinal?

A

Inner is circular and outer is longitudinal

34
Q

What is the slippery and shiny outer layer of the digestive tract called?

A

Serosa or Adventitia

35
Q

The serosa layer of the digestive tract is only present where relative to the diaphragm?

A

Below the diaphragm

36
Q

The oral epithelium is an avascular layer of cells resting on a basal lamina of type _____ collagen

A

IV

37
Q

T/F The lamina propria is part of the epithelial layer of the oral mucosa.

A

FALSE. It underlies the epithelium and it has blood supply

38
Q

The lamina propria of the oral mucosa is equivalent to what layer of the skin?

A

Dermis

39
Q

What are rete ridges?

A

Epithelial projections that interdigitate down between the dermal papillae of the lamina propria

40
Q

Density of CT fibers is highest where the mucosa is ______ (most/least) mobile?

A

least mobile

41
Q

T/F The lamina propria contains inflammatory cells.

A

True

42
Q

What percentage of adults may have sebaceous glands present in the lip and buccal mucosa?

A

75%

43
Q

Does the oral mucosa have the muscularis mucosae layer?

A

No, unlike the mucosa of the Digestive tract that does have this layer.

44
Q

What are the three GI mucosae?

A

Intestinal mucosa, oral mucosa, and oral mucoperiosteum

45
Q

Which of the three GI mucosae have lots of big folds? Which one has few folds?

A

Intestinal mucosa has lots of big folds. Oral mucosa has few folds

46
Q

Masticatory mucosa includes which areas of the oral cavity?

A

Gingiva and hard palate

47
Q

Which part of the tongue is considered lining mucosa? Which part is specialized?

A

The lining mucosa is the inferior surface of the tongue. The specialized mucosa is the dorsal (top) side of tongue

48
Q

How would one describe the permeability of lining mucosa?

A

Relatively permeable to such things as topical anesthetics, nitroglycerin and sublingual Vitamin B12

49
Q

Which oral mucosa has rete ridges?

A

Masticatory mucosa

50
Q

What are the four layers into which keratinocytes are differentiated in the masticatory mucosa?

A 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Mnemonic: Buy Some Green Candy
51
Q

Parakeratinized cells accumulate a lot of keratin but also keep their nucleus, which becomes small and highly condensed. What is the term for a shrunken nucleus in these cells?

A

Pyknotic

52
Q

What are clusters of yellowish sebaceous glands in the oral mucosa called?

A

Fordyce’s granules

53
Q

What determines the nature of the keratinocytes?

A

The underlying CT (dermis or lamina propria)

54
Q

What are the two types of gingiva?

A

Attached and free gingiva

55
Q

What is the attached gingiva attached to?

A

Attached to the periosteum of the alveolar bone

56
Q

What is free gingiva found?

A

It is found at the crest of the alveolus

57
Q

What is the area at the apex of the free gingiva called?

A

Gingival Margin (gingival crest)

58
Q

What is the crevice above the epithelial attachment? What is it lined with?

A

Gingival sulcus. Sulcular epithelium.

59
Q

How many basal laminae does junctional epithelium have? Where are these located?

A

Two basal laminae. One basal lamina is classically located under the basal cells. The other basal lamina adheres to the surface of the tooth.

60
Q

Where does the internal basal lamina attach?

A

To the enamel or cementum (in patients with gum recession)

61
Q

What to epithelial cells attach with to the internal basal lamina?

A

Hemidesmosomes

62
Q

T/F Melanocytes are dendritic cells in the basal layer that form desmosomes with keratinocytes.

A

FALSE. Melanocytes do NOT form desmosomes. They are “dendritic” so they spread their arms/branches around kerotinocytes

63
Q

Melanocytes are embryologically derived from what cells?

A

Neural Crest Cells

Craniofacial Embryology (10 decks)

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