Lecture 10 2/27/14

Question 1

Another Name for Mitral Valve

Answer 1

Bicuspid Valve

Question 2

Aortic Valve

Answer 2

Semilunar Valve, more simplistic than the AV Valves

Question 3

Coronary Sulcus

Answer 3

spaces or grooves in between the atria and the ventricles. Some coronary arteries reside in the depressions.

Question 4

Interventricular Sulcus

Answer 4

Between Ventricles.

Depressions between the left and right ventricles

One in the front and one in the back

Question 5

Papillary Muscles

Answer 5

Little muscles that project off the walls of the inside of the ventricles.

Question 6

Chordae Tendinae

Answer 6

Coming off of the papillary muscles. Tendinous chords go up to the edges of the valve cusps.

They are tendinous chords that connect the papillary muscles to the edges of the av valve cusps.

Question 7

Tricuspid Valves

Answer 7

There are three of the valve cusps

Question 8

What happens when the ventricles contract?

Answer 8

those cusps edges, fill up together, sealing the opening, so no blood can go back up in the opposite direction. The valve is a one way valve.

Question 9

Regurgitation

Answer 9

is when blood goes in the opposite direction bc the valves and valve cusps can’t come together. It’s not a good thing. Decreasing the efficiency of the heart

Question 10

What are Papillary Muscles

Answer 10

Muscular columns that attach to the chordae tendinae, that contract when the heart muscle contracts.

Question 11

Trabecula Carnae Coronary

Answer 11

Meat struts of the heart that stabilizes the blood before we contract and push it back out. Only in the ventricles.

The function of the Trabecula is to keep the blood from sludging or sloshing around. We only have a certain amount of time between each ventricular contraction. It stabilizes it before the next contraction and then to eject it to the opposite direction.

So it stops it, stabilizes before we contract it and push it back out. Only happening in the ventricles. So it stabilize blood entering the ventricles before it is ejected upon contraction.

Question 12

Artery Circulation

Answer 12

The hearts blood supply

Question 13

Coronary Arteries

Answer 13

only arteries that fill only when the heart muscles is relaxed.

First vessels off of the aorta in regards to the left and right coronary artery

Question 14

2 Main Coronary Arteries

Answer 14

They are the left and right coronary arteries. There are two branches off of each of the main coronary arteries

Question 15

Two Main Branches of the Left Coronary Artery

Answer 15

The Circumflex Branch and Anterior Interventricular Branch.

Question 16

Which coronary artery is which?

Answer 16

Recognized by the pulmonary trunk, which sets right in front. So the one that goes to the left of the pulmonary trunk, will be the left, and the one that goes to the right of the pulmonary trunk is going to the right.

Question 17

Circumflex Branch

Answer 17

wrap around the left side between the atria and ventricle and supplies blood to that space.

Question 18

Left Anterior Descending or Anterior Interventricular Branch

Answer 18

more commonly affected artery, supply the anterior wall of the heart.

More commonly affected arteries in cardiovascular disease. If you block this vessel, it lies in between the left and right ventricles, so it’s gonna supply the anterior wall of the heart, the anterior left and right ventricles, you can end up killing or causing an infarction of both of the sides, and that will kill you.

Question 19

Right Coronary Artery

Answer 19

to the right of the pulmonary trunk. Two main branches.

It’s got a little branch coming down along the anterior inferior aspect of the right ventricle called the Marginal branch.

So it covers the anterior inferior right ventricle.

Question 20

What does it mean to be Right Heart Dominant

Answer 20

the marginal is larger than the anterior descending and sends a branch that comes way over to the left ventricle. An example of an anomaly.

Question 21

Coronary Veins

Answer 21

job is to pick up the blood and send it back to the heart. Everything leaves the heart, via the Aorta, and has to come back to the heart, via the Coronary Sinus.

Question 22

Where does the return to? And by what?

Answer 22

The Right atrium is where the blood returns via the coronary sinus.

Question 23

Great Cardiac Vein

Answer 23

runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 24

Middle Cardiac Vein

Answer 24

runs along the posterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 25

Both Great and Middle Cardiac Veins drain together into what?

Answer 25

Coronary Sinus

Question 26

Cardiac Conduction System

Answer 26

Cardiac Muscle will contract on it’s own without or despite neural stimulation

Question 27

Refractory Period of Cardiac Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle

Answer 27

Refractory Period in cardiac muscle tissue is much longer than skeletal muscle tissue.

There’s a lot of Calcium associated with Cardiac muscle tissue.

The T-Tubules are larger in diameter. They have a lot of negatively charged polysaccharides that help to bind and keep Calcium in that area, so it doesn’t leak away.

Question 28

SA Node is known as what?

Answer 28

Sinoatrial Node and it is known as the Pacemaker

Question 29

Depolarization is what again?

Answer 29

is the opening of the sodium gates.

Question 30

Cardiac Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle Description

Answer 30

Cardiac has the same Sodium Gates as the Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Steep slope represents the Fast Sodium Gates and then the Repolarization. But what’s in the Cardiac Muscle Tissue that isn’t in Skeletal Muscle Tissue is another set of gates, that represents Slow Calcium Gates that open and close.

Overlapping of the Sodium and Calcium gates that significantly increases our Repolarization time and thus our refractory period. So what that means is we should not be able, because of the length of the refractory period, exhibit Tetani in cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 31

What does a significant increase in heart rate mean?

Answer 31

A decrease in ventricular filling time.

Question 32

Cardiac Muscle Energy Source

Answer 32

1) Large # of Mitochondria
2) Abundant Myoglobin, lots of O2 because it is aerobic tissue.
3) Energy Reserves: Glycogen/Lipid Energy Stores

Question 33

Conduction Pathway

Answer 33

1) SA Node - the Pacemaker

Question 34

Location of the Conduction Pathway

Answer 34

Junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium

Question 35

Characteristics of the Conduction Pathway

Answer 35

Comprised of specialized nerve cells. It initiates each cardiac cycle.