Group dynamics

Question 1

Why is group dynamics so important?

Answer 1

teamwork is the essence of life (Riley 1993)
team members must interact , work toward shared goals, adopt environmental demands, and balance individual needs with those of other team members (Weinberg and Gould 2015)

Question 2

what is defined as a group?

Answer 2

two or more people that interact with and exert mutual influence on, each other

Question 3

what is defined as a team?

Answer 3

a team is any group of people who must interact with each other to accomplish shared objectives

Question 4

What are Carrons 4 factors of group stability?

Answer 4

status hierarchy (ascribed, achieved)
roles
norms
positions

Question 5

How would you explain status hierarchy?

Answer 5

different situations demand different attributes
those with desirable attributes receive more status
status conflict reduces group stability

Question 6

what are known as ascribed attributes ?

Answer 6

ethnicity, religion, gender

Question 7

what are known as achieved attribues?

Answer 7

skill, education, experience

Question 8

what are the two different types of roles?

Answer 8

formal and informal

Question 9

what is described as formal roles ?

Answer 9

directly established by the group or organisation e.g. captain

Question 10

what is described as informal roles?

Answer 10

evolve as a result of the interactions that take place among group members e.g. comedian, spark-plug

Question 11

what are a couple more examples of negative and positive informal roles?

Answer 11

Positives
spark- plug- inspires the team, ignites them
star player- acknowledged for their contribution to the team
Negative
distractor - distracts from the task at hand

Question 12

What does carron suggest the relationship between individual roles and team effectiveness ?

Answer 12

role clarity 
role efficacy 
role conflict 
role acceptance 
role performance 
role satisfaction

Question 13

what is known as norms ?

Answer 13

agreed expectations for the behaviour of group members

Question 14

what does parks know about norms?

Answer 14

a normless group would be chaotic

Question 15

what are some examples of informal norms?

Answer 15

language and fashion

Question 16

what are some examples of formal norms?

Answer 16

rules and laws

Question 17

what is defined as positions according to Carron?

Answer 17

knowledge and acceptance of positional stability by group members contributes to the development of the group

Question 18

What is known as the Ringelmann effect (Weinberg and Gould,2015 )?

Answer 18

individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group increases

Question 19

what is known as social loafing (Weinberg and Gould 2015) ?

Answer 19

when individuals in a group or team put in less than 100% effort

Question 20

Who developed the ringlemeann effect and social loafing?

Answer 20

Weinberg and Gould 2015

Question 21

what is known as group cohesion according to Carron?

Answer 21

a process which is reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives

Question 22

what are the two different types of cohesion and who proposed it?

Answer 22

Cotterill 2013

task and social orientation

Question 23

what would you describe as task orientation?

Answer 23

a general orientation towards achieving the group objectives e.g. winning matches

Question 24

what would you describe as social orientation?

Answer 24

a general orientation towards developing and maintaining social relationships and activities

Question 25

what is apart of the dimension of cohesion in sport according to Carron?

Answer 25

individual attractions to the group task
individual attractions to the group (social) group attractions (task)
group attractions (social)

Question 26

what are the predictors of cohesion?

Answer 26

environmental factors
leadership factors
team factors
personal factors

Question 27

what are some outcomes of cohesion?

Answer 27

Group: 
team stability 
performance 
effectiveness (absolute and relative) 
Individual: 
behavioural outcomes 
satisfaction 
performance 
effectiveness

Question 28

What are three examples of measuring team cohesion?

Answer 28

sport cohesion questionnaire (Martens and Peterson)
Team cohesion questionnaire (Gruber and Gray)
the group environment questionnaire (Widmeyer)

Question 29

What is the relationship between cohesion and performance? according to Launders, Wilkinson

Answer 29

strong relationship and cohesion and performance

found a significant cohesion- performance relationship