Personality

Question 1

What are the key theories to personality?

Answer 1

Schematic personality theory (Martens) 
psychodynamic theory  (Freud)
Trait theory (allport; Eysencks) 
Situation Approach (Bandura) 
Interactional Approach 
Phenomenological Approach

Question 2

What are the key factors in martens schematic view of personality?

Answer 2

Role related behaviour (social environment, dynamic, external, social environment) 
Typical responses 
Psychological core (internal, constant)

Question 3

How would you describe the psychological core?

Answer 3

most basic level of personality

attitudes, values, interests, motives, beliefs

Question 4

How would you describe the typical responses?

Answer 4

usual responses to the world around us

good indication of the psychological core

Question 5

how would you describe the role-related behaviour?

Answer 5

action based on social situation
most changeable aspect of personality
different situations require you to play different roles

Question 6

What does Freuds psychodynamic theory of personality state?

Answer 6

in- depth examination of the whole person
unconscious motives
personality is made up of 3 interacting points= The ID
The Ego
The superego

Question 7

How would the ID be described?

Answer 7

Instinctive drive- unconscious, instinctual core of personality, pleasure seeking?

Question 8

How would the EGO be described?

Answer 8

represents the conscious, logical reality- orientated aspect of personality

Question 9

How would the SUPER EGO be described?

Answer 9

conscience of the individual- internalised moral standards impressed on the individual by parents / socialisation

Question 10

What does the trait theory (Allport 1937; Eysencks 1967) propose?

Answer 10

Personality is defined in terms of traits possessed by individuals
Traits are stable, enduring and consistent across situations

Question 11

An example of trait theory?

Answer 11

A competitive athlete is likely to remain competitive regardless of score/ situation

Question 12

Critique of trait theory?

Answer 12

Simply knowing traits will not always predict behaviour e.g. some players get nervous in some situations but not others, traits states it should remain stable??

Question 13

What does the situation approach (bandura- social learning) propose?

Answer 13

Human behaviour is function of social learning and the strength of the situation
The situation is most important factor in behaviour - learning occurs most through observational learning and social reinforcement (feedback/ rewards)

Question 14

An example of social learning theory?

Answer 14

Bandura and the bobo doll

Question 15

what is the interactional model theory ?

Answer 15

person and situation determine behaviour .

People with same personality may act differently to same situation

Question 16

What does the phenomenological (perception) approach say?

Answer 16

behaviour is determined by trait and situation but its the examination of the persons understanding and interpretation of themselves and the environment

Question 17

How many personality traits does cattell suggest we have & 3 examples?

Answer 17

16
warmth
dominance
emotional stability

Question 18

What 6 factors are included on Eysencks model of personality?

Answer 18

Neuroticism- stability
psychoticism- superego
extraversion- introversion

Question 19

According to costa and mccrae what are the big- 5 personality dimensions ?

Answer 19

Neuroticism
Extraversion 
Openness to experience 
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness

Question 20

How would you describe neuroticism ?

Answer 20

nervousness, anxiety, depression, anger verses emotional stability

Question 21

How would you describe extraversion?

Answer 21

enthusiasm, sociability, assertiveness, high activity level verses introversion

Question 22

how would you describe openness to experience?

Answer 22

originality, need for variety, curiosity, artistic sensitivity

Question 23

how would you describe agreeableness?

Answer 23

amiability, altruism, modesty , trust verses egocentrism, narcissism, scepticism

Question 24

how would you describe conscientiousness?

Answer 24

constraint, achievement striving, self- disciple

Question 25

Give an example of how sport choice can be effected by personality?

Answer 25

A player that is more introverted will play a individual sport and an extrovert a team sport as they are more social able, enthusiastic, like being with people, and have a high activity level.