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Detective textbook per chapter > Glossary Terms Part 1 > Flashcards

Glossary Terms Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Abandoned children

A

When claims over ones offspring are relinquished with the intent of never again resuming or resetting them

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2
Q

Abduction

A

The process of proposing a likely explanation for an event that must be tested

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3
Q

Absolute judgement

A

When eyewitnesses compare each photograph or person in a lineup only with their memory of what the offender looked like

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4
Q

Accelerant

A

Any substance that can bind mix or disturb another substance and cause an increase in the speed of natural artificial chemical process typically used in context with arsons

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5
Q

Accidental death

A

The death of a person that is unintentional and unforeseen

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6
Q

Acquaintance molestation

A

The sexual abuse of children by persons known to them other than family

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7
Q

Acute maltreatment

A

When a child’s death is directly related to injuries suffered as a result of a specific incident or abuse or act of negligence

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8
Q

Acute neglect

A

A term commonly associated with child abuse when a perpetrator is responsible to divide care for a victim who is unable to care for themselves but fails to provide adequate care

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9
Q

Affidavit

A

A legal document presenting facts that the officer or investigator believes constitute probable cause to justify the issuance of a warrant

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10
Q

AFIS system

A

Automated fingerprint identification system

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11
Q

Alligatoring

A

The pattern of crevices formed by the burning of wooden structure

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12
Q

Amido black protein

A

A liquid substance used in to drain for total protein on transferred membrane blots.

**It is typically used in criminal investigations to detect blood present with latent fingerprints **

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13
Q

Anger rapist

A

A general category including the anger retaliatory talker and the anger excitation rapist

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14
Q

Anger retaliatory rapist

A

Person who vents his anger and frustration toward the opposite sex by punishing them

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15
Q

Anticipatory search warrant

A

Search warrant issued before the evidence is actually known to exist but it is anticipated to exist

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16
Q

Associative evidence

A

Evidence that links a suspect with a crime

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17
Q

Asset forfeiture

A

Confiscation , by the state , of assets which are either 1- alleged proceeds of crime or 2- the alleged instrumentalities of crime, and more recently , alleged terrorism

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18
Q

Bank examiner scheme

A

A criminal scheme when con artists lose as fbi, bank examiners , police, the victim is then contacted by them pretending to need help in conducting an investigation

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19
Q

Bank secrecy act (BSA)

A

A federal law passed in 1970 to require reporting of large scale case transactions

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20
Q

Baseline technique

A

Crime scene measuring technique in which a line is drawn between two known points

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21
Q

Battered child syndrome

A

A clinical term referring to the collection of injuries sustained by a child as a result of repeated mistreatment or bearing

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22
Q

Battery

A

An intentional nonconsensual bodikt contavt that reasonable person would consider harmful

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23
Q

Bertillon system

A

An early criminal identification or classification system based on the idea that certain aspects of the human body, such as skeletal size , ear shape and eye color remained the same after a person had reached full physical maturity. This system used a combination of photographs with standardized physical measurements

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24
Q

Best evidence rule

A

Legal doctrine of evidence that says that no evidence will be admissible in court if its secondary in nature (original notes )

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25
Q

Beyond a reasonable doubt

A

The standard of proof in a criminal case in which deciders of fact are entirely satisfied that the defendant is guilty as charged

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26
Q

Bill of rights

A

A constitutional doctrine granting individual freedoms

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27
Q

Binding material

A

A material used to incapacitate a victim during a robbery

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28
Q

Bio hazardous material

A

Substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms primarily that of humans. This includes waste of samples of microorganisms virus or toxins impacting human health

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29
Q

Bobbie’s

A

The name of the London metropolitan police department officers : they were named after their founder - Home Secretary Sir Robert Peel

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30
Q

Body packing

A

Associated with a mule or courier who snuggles something with them (as opposed to sending by mail etc ) across a national border , including bringing into and out of an international plane especially a small amount transported for a smuggling organization

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31
Q

Booby traps

A

Deadly and dangerous devices used to earn the suspect of any intruders by the sound of explosive devices

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32
Q

Bookmaking

A

A type of gambling that usually involves taking bets on sporting events

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33
Q

Boosters

A

Professional shoplifters who resell stolen merchandise to pawn shops or fences at usually one half to one fourth the original price

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34
Q

Bootlegging

A

Smuggling or manufacturing untaxed alcohol or cigarettes

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35
Q

Bow street runners

A

A group of English crime fighters formed by Henry fielding during the eighteenth century

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36
Q

Burden of proof

A

The duty to establish the validity or factuality of the charge against a person

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37
Q

Burglary

A

A covert crime in which the criminal works during the night time outside the presence of witnesses

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38
Q

Burned

A

A term used in undercover operations when an undercover agent is identified by a suspect

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39
Q

Buy-bust

A

When an undercover agent makes a purchase of illicit narcotics and the suspect is immediately arrested

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40
Q

Buy-walk

A

When an undercover agent makes a purchase of illicit narcotics and the suspect is allowed to leave for the purpose of continuing the investigation

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41
Q

Carjacking

A

When an armed robber forces the driver of an automobile out of the vehicle before stealing it.

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42
Q

Carnal Knowledge

A

a specific sx act such as contact between a penis and vagina. (also sodomy)

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43
Q

carroll doctrine

A

a legal principle that enables officers to search an automobile without a warrant provided that they have probable cause to believe it contains contraband and the vehicle is mobile.

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44
Q

case linkage

A

also called “linking analysis” refers to the process of determining whether or not there are discrete connections between two or more previously unrelated cases through crime scene analysis.

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45
Q

chain of custody

A

documentation of all who handled evidence in a criminal case

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46
Q

check kitin

A

drawing cash on accounts made up of uncollected funds

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47
Q

child abduction

A

the unauthorized removal of a minor from the custody of the child’s natural parents or legally appointed guardians.

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48
Q

child abduction response team ( CARTS)

A

a term for a specific type of broader, coordinated effort to locate a missing child

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49
Q

child abuse

A

another term for child molestation

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50
Q

child molester

A

one who engages in some form of child sexual exploitation

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51
Q

child protection act of 2003

A

legislation that created Amber Alerts

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52
Q

Child Protective Services

A

the name of a governmental agency in many states of the US that responds to reports of child abuse or neglect

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53
Q

child sexual abuse

A

the unwanted sexual physical contact of an underage child

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54
Q

chop shop

A

a secret location where auto thieves dismantle stolen vehicles for the purpose of selling the parts

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55
Q

chronic maltreatment

A

occurs when a childs death is directly related to injuries caused by maltreatment or neglect occurring over an extended period.

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56
Q

circumstantial evidence

A

evidence that tends to incriminate a person without offering positive proof

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57
Q

closed files

A

intelligence files that are maintained apart from criminal investigation files to prevent unauthorized inspection of data

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58
Q

code adam

A

an internationally recognized missing child safety program in the US and Canada originally created by walmart retail store in 1994

59
Q

coerced-compliant confessions

A

the use of fear tactics that include direct threats, intimidation, or actual physical abuse

60
Q

coerced internalization

A

when highly suggestible and confused suspects who actually begin to believe that they are guilty of the crime they didn’t commit

61
Q

coercion

A

the use or threat of illegal physical means to induce a suspect to make an admission or confession

62
Q

coginitive interview

A

a method of interviewing in which eyewitnesses and victims report what they remember from a crime scene

63
Q

cold case

A

a crime or an accident that has not yet been solved to the full and is it not the subject of a recent criminal investigation, but for which new info could emerge from new witness testimony, reexamined archives, retained material evidence, as well as fresh activities of the suspect.

64
Q

collation

A

the process of comparing texts carefully to clarify or give meaning to information

65
Q

command post

A

a designated physical location where pulic supervisory and command personnel gather to coordinate emergency operations

66
Q

commercial burglary

A

burglaries of businesses and other commercial establishments

67
Q

commercial robbery

A

robbery or storys and businesses located close to major thorough fares such as main street, highways and interstates

68
Q

commodity flow analysis

A

charting the logical flow of such commodities as drugs, money and illegal arms shipments

69
Q

companion officer

A

a peer law enforcement support officer typically designated to accompany an officer involved in a shooting situation (shooting team officer)

70
Q

composite

A

a freehand drawing of a suspected criminal

71
Q

computer crime

A

a violation of criminal law that requires some knowledge of computers for perpetration

72
Q

computer error exception

A

an exception to the exclusionary rule that holds that a vehicle stop based on an arrest warrant store improperty is still lawful

73
Q

computer hacking

A

a compulsive computer programmer who explores, tests, and pushes the computer to its limits, regardless of its consequences

74
Q

computer virus

A

a set of illegal computer instructions designed to ruin computer hardware or software while reproducing itself in the computer program when it is executed

75
Q

confession

A

direct acknowledgment by the suspect of his or her guilt in the commission of a specific crime or as an integral part of a specific crime

76
Q

confidence game

A

the criminal practice of gaining the confidence of a would-be victim for the sole purpose of swindling money from them

77
Q

confidential informant

A

a person who provides privileged information about a person or organization to an agency. (C.I) can often refer pejoratively to the supply of information without the consent of the other parties with the intent of malicious, personal or financial gain.

78
Q

conspiracy

A

an agreement between two or more persons to commit a criminal act, accompanied by the commission of at least one overt act in furtherance of the crime

79
Q

constable

A

a term given to peace officers during the early formation of policing in England

80
Q

contact wound

A

a gunshot wound incurred while the muzzle of the firearm is in direct contact with the body at the moment of discharge

81
Q

contamination of evidence

A

the act of adversely affecting evidence by allowing it to be tampered with or by not protecting the chain of custody

82
Q

convenience store robbery

A

the armed robbery of a convenience store

83
Q

cooperating witness

A

a person whose relationship with the government is concealed until testimony at trial is required and who contributes substantial operational assistance to the resolution of a case through active participation in an investigation.

84
Q

coordinate method

A

measuring an object from two fixed points of reference

85
Q

copping areas

A

areas known for open air drug trafficking

86
Q

corporate crime

A

a form of white collar crime whereby trusted executives working within a company mishandle funds or otherwise betray the trust of customers or other consumers

87
Q

corpus delicti evidence

A

evidence that establishes that a crime has been committed

88
Q

corroboration

A

supportive evidence that tends to prove that a crime was committed

89
Q

cover story

A

a fake story contrived by an undercover investigator to explain his or her presence as a drug buyer to criminal suspects

90
Q

cover information collection

A

CLANDESTINE PROCESS OF DATA COLLECTION ON CRIMINAL ACTS THAT HAVE NOT YET OCCURRED BUT FOR WHICH THE INVESTIGATOR MUST PREPARE

91
Q

crack

A

a freebase form of cocaine

92
Q

crack house

A

abandoned buildings or apartments in public housing projects located near copping areas

93
Q

credibility

A

ones ability to be believed

94
Q

crime

A

any act prohibited under criminal law that is punishable

95
Q

crime scene

A

the location where the crime took place

96
Q

crime scene evidence

A

physical,trace biological, or other evidence located at the scene of a crime

97
Q

crime scene report

A

a police report designed to document the facts and circumstances of a suspected crime along with associated evidence

98
Q

crime scene sketch

A

a scale drawing that locates evidence in relation to other factors

99
Q

crime scene walk through

A

the investigative act of investigator walking through a scene of crime for the purpose to give investigators perspective in relation to the crime

100
Q

crime stoppers

A

a program separate from the emergency telephone number system that allows a member of the community to provide anonymous information about criminal activity.

101
Q

criminal intelligence

A

documented information regarding past, present, future criminal activity

102
Q

criminal investigative analysis

A

identifying psychological and social characteristics surrounding the crime as well as the manner in which it was committed

103
Q

cross examination

A

a legal line of questioning in a criminal trial designed to weaken or discredit any testimony given during direct examination

104
Q

cross projection method

A

used in INDOOR crime scene, it is basically a TOP-DOWN view of crime scene where the walls of the room have been “ folded” down to reveal locations of bullet holes, blood spatter evidence and so on

105
Q

CSA

A

controlled substances act of 1970

106
Q

CSI Effect

A

any of several ways in which the exaggerated portrayal of forensic science on crime TV shows influence public perception

107
Q

Currency exchange

A

a brokerage house for facilitating movement of illicit money

108
Q

curtilage

A

the area surrounding buildings and houses

109
Q

custodial interrogation

A

the process of questioning a suspect when his or her liberty has been restricted to a degree that is associated with arrest

110
Q

cybercrime

A

the destruction, theft or unauthorized use, modification, or copying of information, programs, services, equipment or communication networks

111
Q

cyber-extortion

A

when a computer criminal extorts money from a victim

112
Q

cyber-stalking

A

preying on a victim through his or her computer

113
Q

data diddling

A

false data entry

114
Q

date rape

A

rape that occurs when the victim and offender are acquainted before the crime committed.

115
Q

date rape drug

A

another term for the drug rohypnol

116
Q

daubert standard

A

a rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witness testimony during US federal legal proceedings.

117
Q

Deadly force

A

actions of police officers that result in the kiling of a person

118
Q

Deception

A

When one intends to dupe others by communicating messages meant to mislead and meant to make the recipients believe what the agent (the person performing or committing the act) either knows or believes to be untrue

119
Q

Decomposition

A

The process by which organic substances are broken down into simpler forms of matter

120
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

The ability to draw conclusions based on critical thinking

121
Q

Deep cover

A

Working undercover for extended periods of time

122
Q

Demeanour

A

Ones persona and how one is perceived

123
Q

Demonstrative evidence

A

Evidence used to clarify an issue rather than to prove something

124
Q

Deoxyribonucleic a is

A

DNA, the genetic material used in criminal investigations

125
Q

Dependence

A

The degree of an illegal and addicting drugs legal use

126
Q

Designer drugs

A

A class of illicit drugs , designed to emulate controlled substances

127
Q

Detention

A

Something less than arrest but more than consensual encounter

128
Q

ditigal evidence

A

an electronic device that can digitally record audio or video

129
Q

direct evidence

A

evidence that is directly experienced. usually the experience is by sight or hearing though it may come through any sense

130
Q

direct examination

A

a courtroom procedure whereby a witness is asked what he or she knows about alleged offense and asked to give brief explanation as to how he or she personally observed or knew about the incident

131
Q

dissemination

A

the phase of the intelligence process where information is shared with other law enforcement agencies

132
Q

diversion

A

the trafficking of pharmaceutical drugs to the street from normal, legal channels

133
Q

dna analysis

A

a sciwntific process among the newest and most sophisticated techniques to test for genetic disorders, which involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself

134
Q

DNA technology

A

the science of identifying the genetic fascismile, or blueprint, of any particular organism in every cell within each human body

135
Q

domestic terrorism

A

the unlawful use, or threatened use of force by a group or individual, based and operating entirely within the US without foreign direction, commited against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of social or political objectives.

136
Q

domestic violence

A

a pattern of abusive behaviors by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family or cohabitation

137
Q

double invoicing

A

a company that orders merchandise from a foreign subsidiary at an inflated price

138
Q

drug addict robber

A

a robber who robs to support his or her drug habbit

139
Q

drug courier profile

A

the practice of observing suspected drug traffickers to develop a pattern of behavior that would constitute legal cause for a stop and search by police

140
Q

drowning

A

a form of death that occurs when liquid enters the breathing passages, preventing air from getting to the lungs

141
Q

Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA)

A

established in 1973, DEA is the only federal investigative body whose sole duty is to enforce federal drug laws in the US

142
Q

Due process

A

the essential elements of fairness under the law, ensuring that no person is deprived of life, liberty or the property without notice of charges, assistance from legal counsel, a hearing and a chance to confront ones accusers.

143
Q

duress

A

the imposition of restrictions on physical behavior such a prolonged interrogation, deprivation of water, sleep or food

144
Q

Dust print

A

a VISIBLE fingerprint

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