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SB_ENT > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Indication for adenoidectomy

A

Obstruction- OSA with Ftt,

Infection

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2
Q

PFAPA

A

Periodic fever
Aphthous stomatitis
Pharyngitis
Adenitis

Surgical management

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3
Q

Post tonsillectomy complications

A

Bleeding-immediate to 14 day, d5-7 scab falls out- worse timing
Sore throat, Oralia, uvular swelling, resp compromise, dehydration, burn, iatrogenic trauma
Velopharyngeal insufficiency or stenosis
Atlantoaxial subluxation
Eustachian tube injury
Depression
Laceration

Adenoids will regroup, tonsils will not

Death 1:25000

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4
Q

Stridor

A

Insp - above vocal
Biphasic
Expiratory- lower down

Subglottic area: narrowest in pediatrics

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5
Q

Ludwigs angina

A

inf of submandibular and sublingual space
15 to 18 yrs
Sudden infection, cellulitis, polymicrobial
Dental origin
CF: mouth pain, drooling, dysphasia, stiffness
Physical: induration at floor of mouth

Mgnt: abx, careful of airway,

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6
Q

Retropharyngeal infections

A

Fever, fussy, neck stiffness, drooling
Resp distress

Lat X-ray for diagnosis - neck extension- 7 mm at c2, 14 mm at c6 or > 1/2 on cervical vertebrae. If 48- 72 hr on iv with NO improvement, do CT

Length of Rx: iv cefuroxime/clindamycin

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7
Q

Croup

A

LTB - under vocal cord
6 mo to 3 yrs
Parainfluenza type 1
CP: hoarseness , low grade temp, stridor

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8
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Age 2-7 yrs
H. Flu or staph aureus

Fever, stridor, fast, drooling

Mngt- surgery right away

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9
Q

Bacterial tracheitis

A

6 mo to 8 yrs

Staph aureus, sub glottic edema, ulceration, pseudo membranous formation

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10
Q

Otitis external

A

Inflammation of external auditory canal
Edema, white otorrhea, severe Otalgia when pulling, hearing loss from accumulation of junk

Rx- ciprodex, wick to get drops in

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11
Q

Facial nerve palsy

A

MC Bell’s palsy, infection, trauma, congenital

Need to look in ear- rule out AOM

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12
Q

Mastoiditis

A

AOM, fever, narrowed external canal, postauricular edema

Strep pneumo, pseudomonas

Management: abx, tubes, surgical Rx- failure to respond, abscess, intracranial complications

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13
Q

Complications of sinusitis

A 
Epidural abscess 
Meningitis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Subdural empyema
Brain abscess-osteo, mucocele
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14
Q

Gradenigo syndrome

A

Retro orbital pain, Diplopia, draining ear

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15
Q

Causes of pharyngitis

A 
Adenovirus
Coronavirus
Enterovirus
Rhinovirus
RSV
EBV
hSV
Group A beta hemolytic step
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16
Q

perinatal risk factors for the development of sensorineural hearing loss

A
  • Family history of SNHL
  • In utero infections
  • Craniofacial anomalies
  • BW 5 days
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17
Q

what sinuses are pneumatized at birth?

A

ethmoid

18
Q

clinical presentation of sinusitis?

A

nasal congestion
purulent nasal discharge (unilateral or bilateral
fever - if bact can be high
cough

Less-common symptoms:
 halitosis
hyposmia
periorbital edema
Complaints of headache and facial pain are rare in children
19
Q

when do the frontal sinuses begin to develop?

A

7 yrs and complete by adole

20
Q

What is dacrostenosis

A

congenital nasolacrimalobstruction, occurs in up to 30% of newborn
CP:
excessive tear lake,
overflow of tears onto the lid and cheek and
reflux of mucoid

21
Q

what condition is associated with bifid uvula?

A

Submucous cleft of the palate

22
Q

16 month boy has episodes (once weekly) of falling down suddenly and refusing to get up. Remains conscious. Recovers in a few minutes. Sometimes vomits. Eyes are noted to move during the episode.

A

benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood

23
Q

What is the age for laryngomalacia

A

2 weeks and increase over time to 6 mo

resolves by 18 mo

24
Q

CP of laryngomalacia

A

inspiratory wheeze

aggravated by feeding or crying

25
Q

what is the most common soft tissue tumor in the neck?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

26
Q

Chronic tonsillitis abx

A

Clarithromycin, will also resolve on their own

27
Q

what are the most common tumor of head and neck?

A

lymphoma/leukemia
CNS - neuroblastoma
Teratoma
rhabdo

28
Q

indications for myringotomy tubes

A
  1. recurrent AOM with middle ear effusion
  2. BL OME and CHL > 3 mo
  3. UL or BL OME and other issues - behavioural, discomfort, vestibular, school performanace
  4. At risk children
  5. Mastoiditis
  6. Chronic retraction of TM
29
Q

what are water protections for children with myringotomy tubes?

A

need water protection if:
swimming in a lake, pond, river, or ocean;
submerging in a bath; deep diving
certain patients (eg, those with active, recurrent, or prolonged otorrhea; those with a prior history of problems with water exposure).

30
Q

what are causes of congenital toticollis

A 
begnin paroxysmal toticollis of infancy
muscular toticollis
hemivertebrae
positional deformity
UL absence of SCM
Klippel-Feil syndrome
31
Q

When do you refer to Optho for esotropia

A

if intermittent - wait until 4 mo and if still going on refer
refer if constant earlier than 4 mo

32
Q

treatment of corneal abrasion

A

topical cycloplegic cyclopentalate hydrochloride
topical Abx -
no patching

33
Q

which patients are higher risk of vision loss post hyphema

A

sickle cell patients

34
Q

TEF is associated with what RF

A 
advanced maternal age, 
European ethnicity, 
obesity, 
low socioeconomic status, and 
tobacco smoking
35
Q

what is the most common syndrome associated with TEF

A 
VACTERL
Anal atresia, 
Cardiac defects, 
Tracheoesophageal fistula and/or 
Esophageal atresia, 
Renal & Radial anomalies and 
Limb defects
36
Q

when do thyroglossal cysts usually present

A

post URTI

37
Q

what are midline neck masses?

A

thyroglossal cyst
submental LN
Dermoid
cervical cleft

thymoma
thyroid - goiter
lymphoma
limpoma

38
Q

what are anterior neck masses?

A 
branchial cleft cyst
LN
thyroid nodule
laryngocele
hemagioma
atypical mycoplasma
torticollis
39
Q

what are posterior neck masses?

A

cystic hygroma
lymphoma
neuroblastoma

40
Q

what is Herpangina?

A

viral inf-Coxsachie, Echov

post pharyngeal, buccal and palatal vesicles and ulcers farther into the mouth

41
Q

teen boy with recurrent epistaxis. Dx

A

juvenile angiofibroma

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