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Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE > Exam #1 mock questions > Flashcards

Exam #1 mock questions Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart?
A. Visceral layer
B. Endocardium
C. Exocardium
D. Epicardium
A

Endocardium

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2
Q 
Which layer of the heart wall contracts and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue?
A. Epicardium
B. Exocardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium
A

Myocardium

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3
Q 
Which of these vessels returns blood to the left atrium of the heart?
A. Superior vena cava
B. Pulmonary arteries
C. Pulmonary trunk
D. Pulmonary veins
A

Pulmonary veins

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4
Q 
The right atrioventricular valve prevents back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the 
A. Pulmonary trunk
B. Superior vena cava
C. Left ventricle
D. right atrium
A

D. Right atrium

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5
Q 
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
A. left atrium
B. left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle
A

Left atrium

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6
Q

What is the function of the coronary circulation?
A. Provide a blood supply to the systemic circulation
B. Provide a blood supply to the pulmonary circulation
C. Provide a blood supply to the heart
D. Provide a blood supply only to the lungs

A

Provide blood supple to the heart

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7
Q 
Identify the right atrioventricular valve.
A. Tricuspid
B. Pulmonary
C. Aortic semilunar valve
D. Bicuspid valve
A

A. tricuspid

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8
Q 
Which chamber of the heart has the highest probability of being the site of a myocardial infarction?
A. left atrium
B. right atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. right ventricle
A

Left ventricle

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9
Q 
The heart is actually:
A. one pump
B. two pumps
C. three pumps
D. Four pumps
A

Two pumps

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10
Q 
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava?
A. Left V
B. Right A.
C. Left A.
D. Right V
A

Right atrium

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11
Q

The presence of an incompetent tricuspid valve would have the direct effect of causing:
A. Reduced efficiency in the delivery of blood to the lungs
B. Red. efficiency in the del. of blood to the myocardium
C. Red. efficiency in the del. of blood from the heart to the lungs
D. Red. efficiency in the del. of blood from the head to the heart

A

Reduced efficiency of blood to the lungs

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12
Q

Into which chamber of the heart do the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus return deoxygenated blood?

A

Right atrium

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13
Q 
Blood enters the left and right coronary arteries directly from which vessel or chamber?
A. Aorta
B. pulm. veins
C. Pulm arteries
D. Pulm. trunk
A

Aorta

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14
Q 
Which of the following does NOT deliver de-oxygenated blood to the heart?
A. Pulmonary veins
B. superior vena cava
C. Coronary sinus
D. inferior vena cava
A

Pulmonary veins

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15
Q 
Which characteristic is shared by both cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle cells?
A. Triads
B. striations
C. Intercalated discs
D. branched cells
A

Striations

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16
Q 
What structures connect the individual heart muscle cells?
A. intercalated discs
B. trabaculae carneae
C. Chordae tendineae
D, Anastomoses
A

A. intercalated discs

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17
Q

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from:
A. an excess of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
B. an inadequate supply of lactic acid
C. decrease delivery of oxygen
D. a decrease in the number of available nuclei for energy production

A

Decreased delivery of oxygen

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18
Q 
What is false about ventricular filling?
A. The AV valves are open
B. The semilunar valves are closed
C. The blood is flowing passively into the ventricles
D. The semilunar valves are open
A

Semilunar valves are open (still in mid to late diastole, not systole)

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19
Q 
The apex of the heart points toward:
A. the right hip
B. The left hip
C. the right shoulder
D. the left shoulder
A

Left hip

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20
Q 
What is the main function of heart valves?
A. separate left and right atria
B. to pump blood throughout heart
C. To prevent back flow of blood
D. to separate atria and ventricles
A

Prevent backflow

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21
Q 
In the isovolumetric contraction phase:
A. only the semilunar valves are open
B. only the AV valves are open
C. only the AV valves are closed
D. All the valves are closed
A

All valves are closed

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22
Q 
When the atria contract, which of the following is true?
A. The SL valves are open
B. the atria are in diastole
C. the AV valves are closed
D. The ventricles are in diastole
A

Ventricles are in diastole (relaxation)

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23
Q 
The heart receives:
A. 1/4th of body blood supply
B. 1/5
C. 1/10
D. 1/20
A

1/20

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24
Q 
What is false about pacemaker cells?
A. They are responsible for depolarization
B. They are responsible for contraction
C. They need nervous system stimulation
D. A and B
E. A and C
A

C. They need nervous system stimulation

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25
Q

Release of Ca++ from the SR is triggered by:
A. Depolarization wave
B. influx of K+ from the extracellular fluid
C. influx of Ca++ from the extracellular fluid
D. an influx of Na+ from extracellular fluid

A

Influx of ca++ from extracellular fluid

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26
Q

The three types of formed elements are:
A. leukocyres, platelets and erythrocytes
B. Leukocyres, plasma proteins and platelets
C. Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma

A

A

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27
Q 
The two most abundant components of whole blood, in order of most abundant and second abundant, are:
A. Plasma, erythrocytes
B. leukocytes, RBCS
C. RBCS and platelets
D. Plasma and WBCS
A

Plasma and Erythrocytes (leukocytes and platelets only make up <1% of whole blood)

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28
Q 
Which of these represents the majority of whole blood by volume?
A. WBCS
B. RBC's
C. Platelets
D. Plasma
A

Plasma (55%)

29
Q

What is a hematocrit?

A

Hematocrit is the percentage of RBC’s in a whole blood sample

30
Q 
The blood sample from which of the following had the highest hematocrit?
A. A healthy male living in Idyllwild
B. A healthy female living in Idyllwild
C. A healthy female living in PD
D. A healthy male living in PD
A

Healthy male in idyllwild

31
Q 
The hematocrit for females with iron-deficiency anemia is:
A. normal
B. indicative of polycythemia
C. Below normal
D. above normal
A

Below normal

32
Q

Oxygen is attached to:
A. an iron atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin
B. an iron atom located on the globin portion of hemoglobin
C. a CA atom located on the global portion of hemoglobin
D. A CA atom located on the heme portion of hemoglovin

A

An iron atom located on the heme portion of hemoglobin

33
Q 
Release of which of the following hormones results in higher levels of erythrocytes?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Estrogen
C. testosterone
D. a and b
E. a and c
A

Erythropoietin (EPO) and testosterone

34
Q 
Which type of anemia is a genetic disorder resulting in abnormally shaped RBC's?
A. Polycythemia
B. Pernicious anemia
C. Aplastic anemia
D. sickle cell anemia
A

Sickle cell

35
Q 
Oxyhemoglobin:
A. Has o2 attached to the iron atom
B. has o2 attached to the polypeptide chain of hemoglobin
C. has Co2 attached to the iron atom
D. has Co2 attached to the poly.... blah
A

Has o2 attached to the iron atom

36
Q 
Which of the following is true of the structure of an erythrocyte?
A. RBC's are cell fragments
B. RBC's are larger than other cells
C. RBC's life span is approx 100 days
D.RBC's are nucleated cells
A

Life span is approximately 100 days

37
Q

What is the name of the protein found in Mollusk’s blood that transports respiratory gases?

A

Hemocyanin (blue blood)

38
Q

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin
A. It can bind a maximum of three o2 molecules
B. It is found in the plasma portion of blood
C. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue
D. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups

A

D

39
Q 
Abnormally low levels of RBC's caused by excessive bleeding is called
A. thalassemia
B. hemorrhagic anemia
C. sickle cell
D polycythemia
A

Hemorrhagic anemia

40
Q 
A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency in B12, and causing an appearance of are pale cells called macrocytes is a characteristic of:
A. sickle cell
B. polycythemia
C. Pernicious anemia
D. Aplastic ameia
A

Pernicious

41
Q 
What organ in the body regulates RBC production?
A. Kidney
B. Liver.
C. Pancreas
D. Red bone marrow
A

Kidney

42
Q 
A person with an extremely high count of neutrophils is likely suffering from:
A. anemia
B. a bacterial infection
C. a viral infection
D. Polycythemia
A

Bacterial infection

43
Q 
NO visible cytoplasmic granules are present in:
A. monocytes
B. Eosinophils
C. Neutrophils
D. basophils
A

Monocytes

44
Q 
Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?
A. They are the most numerous
B. They are nucleated
C. They are a-nucleated
D. They have cytoplasmic granules
A

They are nucleated

45
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_ is the process by which WBC's move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries
A. Chemotaxis
B. Transtaxis
C. Diapedesis
D. Treepedesis
A

Diapedesis

46
Q 
Which formed element derives from fragments of megakaryocytes?
A. Platelets
B. lymphocytes
C. Albumin
D. Erythrocytes
A

Platelets

47
Q 
What are the functions of blood?
A. transport
B. protection
C. regulation
D. all of the above
A

All of the above

48
Q 
Approximately \_\_\_\_% of the CO2 carried in the blood is bound to amino acids on the globins, forming carbaminohemoglobin.
A. 8
B. 10
C. 20
D. 80
A

B. 10 (80% is bicarbonate and 5% is in blood plasma)

49
Q 
Iron is transported in blood bound to a protein called
A. Hemosiderin
B. Ferritin
C. Transferrin
D. Hemocyanin
A

Transferrin

50
Q 
Which of the following is not a formed element in whole blood?
A. RBC's
B. Globulin
C. Platalets
D. WBC's
A

Globulin

51
Q

True or false, the left ventricle empties into the pulmonary circuit

A

F

52
Q

True or false, the left ventricle has a thinner wall than the right ventricle

A

F

53
Q

True or false, the myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts

A

T

54
Q

True or false, connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of action potential

A

F

55
Q

True or false, A foramen ovale is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and aorta during fetal development

A

F

56
Q

True or false, Auricles slightly decrease blood volume in the atria

A

T

57
Q

The first branch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery

A

T

58
Q

In humans, blood on the right side of the heart always mixes with blood on the left

A

F

59
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport three molecules of o2

A

F

60
Q

True or false, mature erythrocytes lack a nucleus

A

T

61
Q

______ is a clot that freely floats in the blood stream

A

Embolus

62
Q

____ _____: carries oxygen poor venous blood of the coronary circulation into the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

63
Q

________: contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms and plays complex roles in inflammatory diseases like allergies and asthma

A

Eosinophil

64
Q

________: Crucial in defense agains viruses; associated with chronic infections

A

Monocyte

65
Q

_______: clot that develops and persists in unbroken blood vessel

A

Thrombus

66
Q 
When the atria contract, which of the following is true?
A. The SL valves are open
B. The ventricles are in diastole
C. The AV valves are closed
D. The atria are in diastole
A

The ventricles are in diastole

67
Q

Which observations were made by Dr. Tony Allison? Briefly describe the relationship between sickle cell and malaria

A

……need to rewatch video

68
Q

Briefly describe, in sequence, the three steps involved in hemostasis

A

Look up blood clotting.

Anatomy and Physiology II LECTURE (18 decks)

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