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Test 1 FTM > DLA 1-3 > Flashcards

DLA 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major classes of lipids in the cell membrane?

A

phospholipid

cholesterol

glycolipid

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2
Q

PM have two types of proteins?

A

integral- in or pass through bilayer

peripheral - one side of the bilayer

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3
Q

What are the 6 integral membrane proteins?

A
  1. pumps,carriers, transporters
  2. channels
  3. receptors
  4. linker
  5. enzymes
  6. structural
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4
Q

What is a glycocalyx and what is its purpose?

A

it is a carbohydrate rich region containing glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans

Function:

  1. protection
  2. cell recognition
  3. cell to cell interaction
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5
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis?

A
  1. pinocytosis
  2. phagocytosis
  3. receptor-mediated
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6
Q

what types of endocytosis are clathrin independent?

A

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

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7
Q

Is receptor-mediated endocytosis clatherin independent or dependent?

A

clatherin dependent

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8
Q

What are the two kinds of exocytosis?

A

regulated (secretory cells)

constitutive (no stimulus)

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9
Q

What are the four different types of receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

1 .Receptor recycled, ligand degraded

  1. Receptor and ligand degraded
  2. Receptor and ligand recycled
  3. Receptor and ligand transcytosis
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10
Q

Example of receptor recycled, ligand degraded

A

LDL receptor

Insulin-glucose transporter receptor

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11
Q

Example of Receptor and ligand degraded

A

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) & receptor

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12
Q

Example of Receptor and ligand recycled

A

Iron, transferrin & transferrin receptor

• Major histocompatibility complex I & II

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13
Q

Example of Receptor and ligand transcytosis

A

Secretion of immunoglobulins (secretory IgA) into saliva

• Secretion of maternal IgG into milk

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14
Q

What are steps of phagocytosis?

A
  1. particle binds to PM receptor (antibody)
  2. Extension of pseudopods (actin polymerization)
  3. phagosome fuses with lysosome (digestion)
  4. residual body (indigestible substances)
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15
Q

How does receptor mediated endocytosis work?

A
  1. clathrin molecule interact with adaptin
  2. clathrin forms a cage (drives vesicle formation)
  3. dynamin mediates the pinching off of the vesicle
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16
Q

What are the pathways to lysosomal digestion?

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. endocytosis
  3. autophagy (self-eating) (autophagosome is formed)
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17
Q

Describe the proteosome?

A

used for protein degradation
ATP dependent
no lysosome needed

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18
Q

How are proteins sent to the proteosome?

A

They are tagged with ubiquitin

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19
Q

What is the partition coefficient?

A

It is used to measure the lipophilicity of molecules

how a substance partitions itself between two immiscible substances

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20
Q

What is the partition coefficient equation?

A

conc of substance in oil / conc. of substance in water

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21
Q

the scale is 0-1 for Partition coefficient?

A

1 = substance will equally exist as a solute in water and oil

greater than 1 = substance is lipophilic and can pass membrane

less than 1 = only soluble in water and cannot pass membrane easily

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22
Q

What is the permeability coefficient?

A

The degree, in which, a substance can pass through a membrane

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23
Q

scale for the permeability coefficient?

A

1 = will pass membrane easily

0 = cannot pass the membrane

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24
Q

What is the reflection coefficient?

A

How easily a substance can cross a membrane based on reflection

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25
Q

The scale for the RC?

A

1 = does not pass membrane

0 = passes membrane

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26
Q

Epithelial transport?

A

Solute transport across the two membranes of cells that line hollow organs or tubes in order to reach the blood from the lumen or vice versa

pass through the apical membrane and basolateral membrane

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27
Q

What is absorption?

A

movement of solutes/fluid from lumen to blood

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28
Q

What is secretion?

A

movement of solutes/fluid from blood to lumen

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29
Q

Where the is Na/K pump located?

A

Always on the basolateral membrane

30
Q

eNAC and CFTR channels?

A

When the eNAC channel is upregulated the CFTR channel is downregulated (vice versa)

Cl- is pumped into the apical membrane

Na is pumped into the cell

31
Q

What are two types of saturated fatty acids?

A
  1. Palmitic acid (C16)

2. Stearic acid (C18)

32
Q

What is the significance of saturated fatty acids?

A

components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids

they decrease membrane fluidity

33
Q

What are examples monounsat FA?

A

Oleic acid (C18)

34
Q

What is the importance of oleic aid

A

components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids

35
Q

Examples of polyunsat fatty acids?

A

omega-6 and omega-3

36
Q

importance of polyunsat fatty acids?

A

components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids

increase membrane fluidity

37
Q

examples of omega-3 FA’s?

A

alpha- linolenic acid

Eicosapentaenoic acid

Docosahexaenoic acid

38
Q

Importance of Omega-3 FA’s?

A

components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids

increase membrane fluidity

39
Q

examples of omega-6 FA’s?

A

linoleic acid

arachidonic acid

40
Q

Importance of omega-6 FA’s?

A

components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids

increase membrane fluidity

41
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

alpha- linolenic acid and linoleic acid

42
Q

Importance of the essential fatty acids?

A

components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids

increase membrane fluidity

43
Q

Long vs short FA chains in membrane?

A

short chains make membrane more fluid, while longer chains decrease fluidity

44
Q

Double bonds vs single bonds related to membrane fluidity?

A

Double bonds make the membrane more fluid and single blonds decrease fluidity

45
Q

Functions of cholesterol?

A
  1. Regulates membrane fluidity
  2. precursor of steroid hormones
  3. precursor for Vit D synthesis
46
Q

What are the two types of phospholipids?

A

glycerophospholipids

sphingophospholipids

47
Q

Examples of glycerophospgolipids?

A

phosphatidylcholine

phosphatidylethanolamine

phosphatidylserine

phosphatidylinositol

48
Q

example of sphingophospholipids?

A

sphingomyelin

49
Q

What are the four types of glycolipids?

A
  1. cerebrosides
  2. sulfatide
  3. globoside
  4. ganglioside
50
Q

what is the structure of cerebroside?

A

sphingosine + FA + monosaccharide

51
Q

what is the structure of sulfatide?

A

sphingosine + FA+ sulfate

52
Q

what is the structure of globoside?

A

sphingosine + FA + oligosaccharide

53
Q

what is the structure of ganglioside?

A

sphingosine + FA+ oligosaccharide with NANA

54
Q

Where are glycolipids found?

A

The glycocalyx

55
Q

What is the typical structure of glycerophospholipids?

A

Glycerol (backbone)

one saturated FA

one unsaturated FA

nitrogen base

56
Q

Describe phosphatidic acid?

A

This molecule is a building block phospholipids but is not in the membrane itself because it is missing a base.

57
Q

What is cardiolipin?

A

It is a glycerophospholipid found only in the inner membrane of mito.

can be involved in autoimmune disorders: anticardiolipin antibodies

58
Q

What Glycerophospholipids are found in the outer leaflet of the membrane?

A

phosphotidylcholine

sphingomyelin

59
Q

What Glycerophospholipids are found in the inner leaflet of the membrane?

A

phosphotidylserine

phosphotidylethanolamine

phosphotidelinostiol

60
Q

What phospholipid is in surfactant in lung tissue

A

DPPC

this prevents the alveoli from collapsing

61
Q

What can lead to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

A

Smoking because it kills type II cells

premature babies

62
Q

Amniotic fluid Lecithin-Sphingomyelin ratio?

A

A ratio to determine the chance of RDS in babies

greater than 2 = mature fetal lung

less than 2 = immature fetal lung

63
Q

What is DPPC?

A

A Glycerophospholipid

64
Q

What is the structure of Sphingophospholipid?

A

sphingosine backbone

fatty acid

phosphate attached to a choline

makes up myelin

65
Q

What is the composition of phosphatidylcholine?

A

glycerol

2 FA’s

phosphate

choline

66
Q

Function of phosphatidylcholine?

A

lung surfactant

67
Q

What is the composition of phosphatidylserine?

A

glycerol

2 FA’s

phosphate

serine

68
Q

Function of phosphatidylserine?

A

may indicate apoptosis if in outer leaflet

69
Q

composition of phosphatidylinositol?

A

glycerol

2 FA

phosphate

inositol

70
Q

Function of phosphatidylinositol?

A

forms second messengers

71
Q

composition of phosphatidylethanolamine?

A

glycerol

2 FA

phosphate

ethanolamine

Test 1 FTM (35 decks)

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