Antibiotics 4 Flashcards
What does empiric treatment mean?
Etiology unknown, broad spectrum
Most likely cause of patient illness
What does definitive treatment mean?
Based on sensitivity data
What are some factors when choosing an antibiotic?
Patient factors - severity of infection, route of admin, site of infection, underlying disease, current meds
Use as few antibiotics as possible
Go from broad spectrum to narrow after diagnosis is confirmed
LEAST EXPENSIVE
What antibiotics are used for S. pyogenes and S. virdians?
Penicillin, ampicillin
More serious infections add gentomycin
What antibiotics are used for S. pneumo?
Penicillin G, ampicillin (inc dose to overcomme mid range resistance)
Cefuroxime, cefriaxone, macrolides
What antibiotics are used for Staph aureus MSSA?
Nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefriaxone
What antibiotics are used for Staph aureus MRSA?
Vancomycin, Linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin, daptomycin, tigecyclin
What antibiotics are used for Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Piperacillin, ticracillin Cefrazidime, cefepime Imipenem, meropenem Aztreonam Quinolones - ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin Aminoglycosides - gentamycin, amikacin
What antibiotics are used for Enterobacteriaceae?
E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus - ampicillin, cefazolin, TMP/SMX, fluoroquinolones
Resistant to these - 3rd gen cephalosporins, aztreonam, Zosyn, Timetin, carbapenems
What antibiotics are used for N. meningitidis?
Pencillins, ceftriaxone or cefotaxime
What antibiotics are used for N. gonorrhoeae?
Cefriaxone, cefixime
What can be used for anaerobes?
Penicillin, clindamycin, metronidazole, 2nd and 3rd cephalosporins
What antibiotics are causes for Clostridium difficile?
Clindamycin, 2nd and 3rd cephalosporins, aminopenicillins
What antibiotics are used for Clostridium difficile?
Metronidazole, vancomycin
What atypical bacteria are treated with tetracyclins, macrolides and quinolones?
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Legionella
Rickettsia (except macrolides)
